MIND

Argus European Biomass

2010-11-17T14:56:00.001-08:00

We are delighted to announce that the 2nd Argus European Biomass Trading conference will be held on Thursday 7 April in Amsterdam. There will be a pre-conference drinks reception on 6 April and a separately bookable half-day seminar on 8 April.

Super early bird discount - conference and seminar - £900 or €1,045 - Until Friday 17 December
Super early bird discount - conference only - £600 or €695 - Until Friday 17 December
Seminar only - £400 or €470

Argus European Biomass Trading

The Topics :

Production and trading landscape
Supply and demand trends
Securing investment
Impact of regulatory policy
Risk management
Wood pellets vs wood chips vs biocoal
Global pricing trends
Transportation
Standardisation and sustainability

Contact:

General enquiries:
+ 44 (0) 20 7780 4341
bioconf@argusmedia.com

Speaking and sponsorship opportunities:
Amber Ward
+44 (0) 20 7780 4264
amber.ward@argusmedia.com

Registration and group bookings:
Laura McAulay
+44 (0) 20 7780 4352
laura.mcaulay@argusmedia.com

Media partnerships:
Jane Faulkner
+44 (0) 20 7780 4266
jane.faulkner@argusmedia.com

Companies who attended our 2010 conference include:

More : http://www.argusbiomass.com/

Oil and Gas Lifting Estimates Requires Coordination

2010-05-08T17:45:00.000-07:00

Oil and Gas Lifting Estimates Requires Coordination

The amount of oil and gas lifting based on the 2010 State Budget is 965.000 bpd. This amount have not been revised and it is still the official number stated within the state budget. This was stated by the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources, Darwin Zahedy Saleh during a meeting between the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources with Commission VII of the House of Representatives on Thursday (22/4). During the meeting, Minister Darwin was accompanied by the Director General of Oil and Gas, Evita Legowo.

The Minister expressed that 965.000 bpd is a realistic amount, stating that “this amount is the target which must be reached by the government.

Based on data from the Directorate General of Oil and Gas, the average lifting as of January 2010 is 956.000 bpd, meanwhile the average crude oil and condensate lifting realization in 2009 (averaged from December 2008 – November 2009) reached 944.000 bpd. For 2010(averaged from December 2009 – April 2010), this amount reached 963.000 bpd.

“This data is based on coordination from relevant parties” explains the Director General, adding that in order to calculate this number, the Directorate General have installed equipments in 31 points which computes lifting in real time. Even though this system has yet to calculate the lifting process as a whole, it is relatively sufficient.

Lifting data from the Ministry, BP Migas, and contractors have shown a relatively similar amount. “Based on coordination from BP Migas with contractors have shown that as of February 2010, the numbers have reached an average of 965.000 bpd. We have also reached the same amount during our last coordination with the Deputy of Planning for BP Migas” added the Director General.

Source: http://www.esdm.go.id

coal exports in 2010 are predicted to rise

2010-01-16T18:43:00.000-08:00

Government policies that require all employers to supply coal for domestic demand was not expected to disrupt the activities of mining exports was. In fact, the value of coal exports in 2010 are predicted to rise in line with increased production of these minerals. All the employers have no objection and is ready for duty or DMO domestic supply of coal. Moreover, the implementation of coal DMO is not too tight because it will follow the development of the coal business conditions. According to Sahala, implementation of policies for coal DMO does not interfere with export performance because the production capacity has increased. For this year, domestic demand for coal is predicted only by 75 tons, while production capacity reached 280 million tons. Therefore, the excess production that is not absorbed by the domestic will be exported to several countries. So far Indonesian coal from many exported to Japan, China, Korea, and India. With the implementation of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) ASEAN-China, the volume of coal exports to

China

is expected to rise significantly because the tariff barriers have long been abolished. Sahala added, businessmen do not object to the obligation provided that the domestic supply of coal prices to domestic prices following the international index. "Thus, coal commodity prices in the domestic market with international markets. The government has to understand this so that no coal prices with special treatment," he said.

Associated with the need for PLN's coal, the price of coal sold to electricity companies that country equal to the price in the market because it includes the sale of business transactions. If the ability of PLN is insufficient funding to purchase coal at market prices, the lack of funding will be fulfilled by the government. Coal PT Bukit Asam, Tbk, PT BA or coal sales projected for next year will increase by 20 percent or 15 million tons from this year's target of 13.2 million tons. “The market will go up. If the price could rise as the year 2008 our initial revenue will peak," said President Director of PT BA Sukrisno after a press conference on the sidelines of Investor Summit, Wednesday (2 / 12) at the Ritz-Carlton Pacific Place, Jakarta. In the third quarter of 2009, the company registered net profit of Rp 2.23 trillion or an increase of 68.6 percent compared to the same period last year. Coal production also rose to reach 11.1 percent or 8.59 million tons compared to the previous year. The volume of sales to third quarter of 2009 recorded 8.73 million tons with revenues Rp 6.55 trillion. In addition, he also predicted that until the end of this year, PT BA will earn net income to over Rp 9 trillion. This figure is obtained by assuming the price of coal at a price equal to the third quarter of 2009 of $ 36.93 U.S. dollars per ton. The composition of sales of coal for export and domestic in the period January-September 2009 consisting of 70 percent domestic and 30 percent of exports In addition, next year, PT BA also will continue the acquisition of mining contracts with 8 total budgeted investment of Rp 2 trillion or an increase compared to previous investments reached Rp 1.5 trillion. we hope there are one or two companies that could be obtained. In this little choked up because some companies do not fit the criteria.

Source: Kompas.com

Kewenangan Pemerintah dalam pengelolaan pertambangan mineral dan batubara

2009-11-27T18:06:00.000-08:00

Undang-undang RI No. 4 Tahun 2009 Tetang Pertambangan mineral dan barubara tenatng kewenangan Pengelolaan Pertambangan dan batubara

Pasal 6

(1) Kewenangan Pemerintah dalam pengelolaan pertambangan mineral dan batubara, antara lain, adalah:

a. penetapan kebijakan nasional;

b. pembuatan peraturan perundang-undangan;

c. penetapan standar nasional, pedoman, dan kriteria;

d. penetapan sistem perizinan pertambangan mineral dan batubara nasional;

e. penetapan WP yang dilakukan setelah berkoordinasi dengan pemerintah daerah dan berkonsultasi dengan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Republik Indonesia;

f. pemberian IUP, pembinaan, penyelesaian konflik masyarakat, dan pengawasan usaha pertambangan yang berada pada lintas wilayah provinsi dan/atau wilayah laut lebih dari 12 (dua belas) mil dari garis pantai;

g. pemberian IUP, pembinaan, penyelesaian konflik masyarakat, dan pengawasan usaha pertambangan yang lokasi penambangannya berada pada lintas wilayah provinsi dan/atau wilayah laut lebih dari 12 (dua belas) mil dari garis pantai;

h. pemberian IUP, pembinaan, penyelesaian konflik masyarakat, dan pengawasan usaha pertambangan operasi produksi yang berdampak lingkungan langsung lintas provinsi dan/atau dalam wilayah laut lebih dari 12 (dua belas) mil dari garis pantai;

i. pemberian IUPK Eksplorasi dan IUPK Operasi Produksi;

j. pengevaluasian IUP Operasi Produksi, yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah daerah, yang telah menimbulkan kerusakan lingkungan serta yang tidak menerapkan kaidah pertambangan yang baik;

k. penetapan kebijakan produksi, pemasaran, pemanfaatan, dan konservasi;

l. penetapan kebijakan kerja sama, kemitraan, dan pemberdayaan masyarakat;

m. perumusan dan penetapan penerimaan negara bukan pajak dari hasil usaha pertambangan mineral dan batubara;

n. pembinaan dan pengawasan penyelenggaraan pengelolaan pertambangan mineral dan batubara yang dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah daerah;

o. pembinaan dan pengawasan penyusunan peraturan daerah di bidang pertambangan;

p. penginventarisasian, penyelidikan, dan penelitian serta eksplorasi dalam rangka memperoleh data dan informasi mineral dan batubara sebagai bahan penyusunan WUP dan WPN;

q. pengelolaan informasi geologi, informasi potensi sumber daya mineral dan batubara, serta informasi pertambangan pada tingkat nasional;

r. pembinaan dan pengawasan terhadap reklamasi lahan pascatambang;

s. penyusunan neraca sumber daya mineral dan batubara tingkat nasional;

t. pengembangan dan peningkatan nilai tambah kegiatan usaha pertambangan; dan

u. peningkatan kemampuan aparatur Pemerintah, pemerintah provinsi, dan pemerintah kabupaten/kota dalam penyelenggaraan pengelolaan usaha pertambangan.

(2) Kewenangan Pemerintah sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dilaksanakan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.

Overview Geoservices

2009-10-12T04:08:00.000-07:00

Geoservices is an upstream oilfield service company founded in 1958. It provides a range of skills that help evaluate hydrocarbon reservoirs and optimize field exploration, development and production. Our mission is to lead our market segments by introducing technological breakthroughs and pushing operational excellence.

Our focus is on Mud Logging, Well Intervention and Field Surveillance. Geoservices, a major player in the oil and gas industry, is world leader in Mud Logging services, providing expert drilling evaluation and data collection. It also offers Well Intervention to service wells and monitor conditions and Field Surveillance services to help oil and gas producers manage mature fields and optimise production.

Geoservices was created in 1958 in France and is now a worldwide company established on all continents. The company’s new slogan - Pioneering Technology Worldwide - testifies to the commitment its men and women, from many different cultures, make daily to provide high value added service to its client

PT. Geoservices is a limited company (Ltd.) that has a solid base of expertise covering all aspects of the exploration and development of Indonesia's oil, gas, coal, mineral, and geothermal industries. Originally providing field sampling and chemical analysis for the mineral industry. Today it is a one-stop organization that can fulfill all exploration and analysis requirements for each of the industrial sectors it serves.

To provide better service throughout the archipelago, PT. Geoservices steadily expanded its operations from its original Bandung base, established in 1971. The company now has branch offices in Jakarta and Singapore as well as other key locations, including Samarinda (East Kalimantan), Balikpapan (East Kalimantan), Banjarbaru (South Kalimantan), and Pekanbaru (Riau).

PT. Geoservices long ago became internationally known for expertise and reliability in all areas of its activities. The growth of the company's size and reputation has been rooted in the excellence of its employees. The foundation for this excellence is a long-term commitment to the development of skills and knowledge, including off-shore training of local employees and interaction with expatriate consultants who relocate to Indonesia for varying periods of time.

To facilitate technology transfer PT. Geoservices sometimes enters into Joint Venture or Technical Assistance agreements with foreign-based companies that are recognized as leaders in their respective fields. The combination of experienced personnel, modern instrumentation, extensive staff training, and strict quality control procedures has gained PT. Geoservices worldwide acceptance. Dedication to maintaining these high standards in Indonesia ensures that the company's services will enjoy international recognition for many years to come.

More info: http://www.geoservices.com/ and www.geoservices.co.id/

International Mining and Minerals Recovery Exhibition and Conference

2009-09-25T16:22:00.000-07:00

Mining sector still running... (MIND)

Start Date : Wednesday, 14 October 2009

End Date : Saturday, 17 October 2009

Venue : Hall B and C, Jakarta International Expo Kemayoran, Jakarta - Indonesia

The 14th International Mining and Minerals Recovery Exhibition and Conference :

Description : Indonesia is considered the fifth most prospective country in the world in terms of its potential mining wealth. It is a would leader in reserves of coal, copper, gold, nickel, silver and the world's second largest exporter of coal.

For further details on any of the above or information on how to exhibit please contact the organizers:

Maysia Stephanie

Project Manager

PT Pamerindo Buana Abadi

Deutsche Bank Building

13th Floor, JL Imam Bonjol 80

Jakarta 10310, Indonesia

Tel: +62 21 3162001

Fax: +62 21 316 1985

E: maysia@pamerindo.com

Mining Indonesia 2009 will take place 14-17 October at the Jakarta International Expo, Kemayoran.

It will form part of the Energy and Mining Indonesia Series of Trade Exhibitions which also includes three other specialized trade exhibitions held in different halls, Building and Construction Indonesia, Electric Indonesia and Oil and Gas Indonesia occupying all nine halls at the exhibition center.

Mining Indonesia 2009 the 14th in its series and largest in its history, will bring together over 600 companies from 34 countries covering an area of 16,000 sq m, showing the huge potential in Indonesia’s Mining Sector. National Pavilions from Australia, Canada, Germany, Poland, Russia, Singapore and the UK will showcase the latest mining technology and equipment.

Leading players including Atlas Copco, Chetra, Daimler Chrysler, Getribebau Nord, MTU, Kobexindo, Hexindo, JCB, Supra Bakti, Renault Trucks, United Tractors, JSG Industrial and Terex

Source: http://www.mining-indonesia [dot].com/

How to Mining – Recycling – Refining of Zinc

2009-09-21T06:41:00.000-07:00

How to Mining – Recycling – Refining of Zinc

Mining

Primary non-sulphide zinc deposits formed the initial targets for the company. Most deposits of zinc are formed of zinc sulphide, sphalerite (ZnS2) and the zinc grade of the ore is generally between 5% and 8%. Following crushing and milling individual mineral grains are liberated and those containing zinc are separated from the other minerals and a concentrate of the zinc bearing minerals, running from 53% to 58%, is obtained. The zinc concentrate is then shipped to an electro-refinery where zinc metal is produced.

When zinc sulphide is near the surface, it is unstable and will over millions of years react with air and water to form a variety of minerals, including: oxides, carbonates, silicates and aluminium silicates. Most commonly a mixture of these minerals is formed. However, as oxidation is generally the prime reaction, they are collectively referred to as “oxides”.

These “oxide” minerals each have different properties so that a process designed to concentrate one mineral may not work for another. The mixed mineralogy of oxide deposits frequently requires complex processes to recover a high proportion of the zinc, and as each process has its own costs, such an approach is rarely economically viable. A process that recovers all the zinc, irrespective of its mineralogy is likely to be more attractive. This may be achieved either by hydrometallurgical techniques that dissolve out the zinc or by pyrometallurgical techniques that “boil” off the zinc, the latter, however, tend to be very energy intensive.

The hydrometallurgical approach enables the zinc to be recovered either as metal or some other refined product. However such processing requires substantial capital expenditure, and to justify this only larger deposits are likely to be economic.

ZincOx undertook a global literature search for oxide deposits. This found that zinc deposits frequently consist of several small high grade pods of mineralization. The extent of those pods near the surface is generally small and therefore the potential to generate large tonnages of oxide zinc minerals is very limited. The study concluded that higher grade deposits had generally been processed by pyrometallurgical methods at a time when energy was relatively cheap, and so these deposits are generally exhausted. The lower grade deposits may remain unexploited but are generally too small to justify hydrometallurgical treatment.

To date the company has successfully obtained interests in two major zinc oxide deposits: Jabali, in Yemen and Shaimerden, in Kazakhstan.

There are, in addition, a small number of other substantial zinc deposits in which the company would be interested to participate. While attempts to date to secure an interest in these projects has not been successful, they remain potential targets.

Recycling

The variable nature of primary zinc oxide deposits has required the evaluation and modification of numerous metallurgical techniques. These methods have enabled ZincOx to consider a very broad spectrum of materials including industrial wastes. Most of these wastes are generated in small quantities that are insufficiently large to be of commercial interest. The one notable exception is electric arc furnace dust (EAFD): a waste generated by the recycling of steel.

Waste Generation:

Steel scrap is recycled in electric arc furnaces by a simple remelting process. Steel production by this method accounts for about one third of global steel production annually. Steel objects are increasingly galvanized to protect them from corrosion. Galvanising involves the coating of steel by a thin layer of zinc metal. As more steel is galvanized so too scrap contains an increasing amount of galvanized material. When the scrap is recycled, the zinc from galvanising, together with other base metals, alkalis and halides, are driven as a dust and caught up in the flue gasses. These fine particles need to be filtered out before the furnace gasses can be returned to the atmosphere. The filters are periodically cleaned and the resulting dusty material is known as electric arc furnace dust or EAFD.

For every tonne of steel produced by recycling there are typically between 12 and 20 kg of EAFD produced. EAFD generally contains between 18% and 25% zinc, which is about four times richer than the average zinc deposit found in nature. In addition to zinc the EAFD contains 20% to 30% of iron and 1% to 3% of lead.

EAFD Dump

Current Practice

Generally speaking at historical zinc prices, the recovery of zinc from EAFD has not been possible without a subsidy, i.e. it has no value and is therefore considered to be a waste. Since it also contains traces of toxic elements such as cadmium, arsenic and mercury, it is classified as a hazardous waste. EAFD has been processed for many years using Waelz kiln technology but this does not recover the iron and due to the addition of fluxes the residue created by the process is greater than the tonnage of EAFD treated. As a hazardous waste, international transportation of EAFD is subject to legal restrictions.

The ZincOx approach recovers:

A superior zinc oxide concentrate, that can be sold to zinc smelters

Pig iron, the basic intermediate feed for the steel industry

Building aggregate that can be sold to the construction industry.

There is no waste from the process. As such it represents a major advance in waste and metals recycling.

ZincOx Strategy - Closing the "Zinc Loop"

The ZincOx approach uses the following basic steps:

Feed Preparation- EAFD blending, mixing with pulverized coal, and briquetting.

Metal Reduction - Briquettes are treated in a rotary hearth furnace at a temperature of 1,350oC for 16 minutes and the metals are reduced by reaction with coal. Zinc and lead are driven off and are collected in the gas cleaning system as oxides Iron is transformed to its metallic state but remains mixed with slag as a solid in the briquette.

Melting - Hot iron bearing briquettes (DRI) are fed to an electric furnace. The briquettes are melted, the iron sinks to the base of the furnace and is tapped off and cast as small crude ingots. The other elements combine to form a semi-molten vitreous surface layer, slag, which is periodically discharged.

ZincOx Process

Since liquid steel is being produced the steel structure of the plant and equipment needs to be insulated from the very high temperatures required by the process. These insulating bricks result in the requirement for very heavy equipment that requires economies of scale for economic development. ZincOx believes that a 200,000 tonnes per annum EAFD capacity is a logical minimum size for a plant.

The rotary hearth furnace is the key equipment for the process. It has been used for the production of pig iron from zinc poor steel industry waste for several years.

Refining

Refining operations provide the opportunity to add value to the concentrates produced by mining and recycling. Due to the very high quality of the concentrate produced by the recycling operations, the production of metal, compared to conventional zinc smelters, can be significantly simplified. Furthermore, after the removal of zinc by dissolution, the high purity of the concentrate results in a leach residue that is so high in lead that it can be sold as a concentrate, or further converted into saleable lead chemicals.

While the Big River plant is exceptionally well located as a central USA metal production site, it was a particularly attractive acquisition due to its low purchase price. However, eastern Asia is the fastest growing market for zinc and in view of ZincOx’s future recycling development projects, a dedicated zinc electro-refinery in the region is a medium term objective. As electricity is, apart from the feed, the single greatest cost in zinc metal production and since hydro generation of electricity is always likely to be the least costly, the company has reviewed potential locations for a new electro-refinery where there is likely to be plentiful long term electrical power. Similajau in Malaysia, has the potential to fulfill this prerequisite.

More info : look in Source http://www.zincox.com/

Introduction to Seismic Data Processing by using CRS-Stack Method

2009-09-16T06:16:00.000-07:00

Due to popular demand, Faculty of Mining & Petroleum Engineering – Bandung Institute of Technology (FTTM-ITB) will conduct a short course entitle “Introduction to Seismic Data Processing by using CRS-Stack Method” in Grand Preanger Hotel - Bandung from November 9-13, 2009. The course will be taught by Dr. Alfian Bahar, Dr. Rachmat Sule, & Andri Hendriyana, MT - Institute of Technology Bandung.

In this rigorous 4.5-days course, participants will learn a comprehensive learning of basic seismic data processing, as well advance multi-coverage seismic data processing by using CRS-Stack method. This course consists of theoretical lecture (morning) and continues with tutorials (afternoon), except for the last day. Each module is designed to give basic understanding for all participants about these moduls. Because each module will be explained with some animation and simulation, the understanding of attendances will increase significantly. After attending this program, all course attendances will have better knowledge on the conventional and advance seismic data processing technologies, which are commonly used in oil industry.

INSTRUCTORS :

Dr. Alfian Bahar,

Dr. Rachmat Sule

Andri Hendriyana, MT

ABOUT THE COURSE

Geophysical investigation is an indirect technique to determine subsurface condition. Compared to other methods, geophysical investigation is relatively cheap in mapping

subsurface geological condition for a large area. This makes geophysical methods become popular in the recent years. One of geophysical method that is very popular in the oil and gas industry is reflection seismic method. This course will cover conventional seismic data processing, as well advance seismic data processing by involving CRS-Stack method. Zero-Offset CRS-Stack method is a new method that could be acted as substitution of velocity analysis – NMO/DMO correction – stacking. Based on our experiences, the stack section obtained by CRS-Stack method has better description about the reflectors, in which the continuity of reflectors are much better and S/N ratio will increase.

This 4.5 days training offers a comprehensive learning of basic seismic data processing, as well advance multi-coverage seismic data processing by using CRS-Stack method. This course consists of theoretical lecture (morning) and continues with tutorials (afternoon), except for the last day. Each module is designed to give basic understanding for all participants about these moduls. Because each module will be explained with some animation and simulation, the understanding of attendances will increase significantly. After attending this program, all course attendances will have better knowledge on the conventional and advance seismic data processing technologies, which are commonly used in oil industry.

This course is designed for all earth scientists, engineers and technical staffs who are working in the oil companies, service companies, consultants, and government institutions who need basic knowledge on the seismic data processing technologies are welcome to attend this course.

Course fee is Rp.15.000.000,- (Fifteen millions rupiah only) per participant, includes hotel accommodation course fee, materials, coffee breaks & lunch.

We would be very grateful if you could pass this information to your staffs or colleagues who may get benefit from this program.

PLEASE REGISTER AS SOON AS POSSIBLE TO :

Fakultas Teknik Pertambangan & Perminyakan-ITB (FTTM-ITB)

Gedung Basic Sciences Center B, 4th Floor

Jln. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Phones / Fax : (62-22) 2500047

E-mail address: ppm@fttm.itb.ac.id. Contact Person : July K.Tunny

Make sure the ability of coal miners Indonesia

2009-09-12T03:42:00.000-07:00

In the economic situation, this post-presidential election, in a routine examination required of all contractors or coal miner in Indonesia. This is to determine the performance of the contractor or the coal miners. Until where financial ability, measured coal reserve position. It is important to ensure continuity of supply of coal, as well as management of companies such as Power Plant (Steam power plant), textile companies or other companies that need raw materials of coal.

In addition to the changes in coal prices had increased to Rp. 420,000.- up to Rp. 450,000.- per tonne (FOB price of the barge low CV), led the miners to raise their production so, the amount of coal reserves will change.

In addition, according to the opinion of the writer, should be an assessment of coal reserves (resources valuation independent) , it must be an independent party. So that all can trust. Report coal reserves are needed, not just at the time of license application only (IUP exploration or exploited) but very much needed by the user so sustainable more secure supply.

RI seeks to increase coal production to bolster revenue

2009-09-07T18:13:00.000-07:00

Indonesia expects to increase coal production by up to 20 million tons next year as lawmakers insist that the government must book higher non-tax revenue from the mining sector in 2010.

Bambang Setiawan, the director general for coal, minerals, and geothermal at the Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry, said the House of Representatives' budget committee had asked the government to set a non-tax revenue target of Rp 15 trillion (US$1.48 billion) from the mining sector in 2010.

"The government *had* earlier proposed the revenue at Rp 14 trillion, which is unchanged from this year's target.

"But, as the House's budget committee want the revenue to be Rp 15 trillion, we expect that next year we can slightly increase the production," Bambang said Thursday.

Coal and other mining commodities contribute to non-tax state revenue mainly through royalty payments. Coal contributes the biggest single contribution to state revenues from mining commodities.

The royalty payments will then be shared between the central and regional governments involved.

For this year, the country expects to produce 230 million tons of coal.

"If we want to secure the Rp 15 trillion revenue next year, we must increase coal production by between 10 million and 20 million tons. This is based on the assumption that the coal price is still unchanged from the current price of US$63 per ton," Bambang said.

"We hope that the production can be increased and the demand will be high next year so that the revenue target can be achieved," he said.

Bob Kamandanu, chairman of the Indonesian Coal Producers Association (APBI), said the target was "not too extreme" and achievable.

"This should be achievable, because last year the production was 239 million tons and this year it could be somewhere between 245 and 250 million tons. Thus the target of 260 million tons for next year will not be too difficult," he said.

The country's coal production has already reached 72 million tons in the first half of this year, according to data from the energy and mineral resources ministry.

In the same period, the coal sales volume reached 75 million tons; 52 million tons being sold to domestic buyers and the remaining 23 million tons going to exports.

The mining sector in total has booked non-tax revenue amounting to Rp 7.2 trillion in the first half of 2009, just under half of the annual target now set by the House of Representatives budget committee.

Source:Alfian , The Jakarta Post , Jakarta | Fri, 08/28/2009 4:00 PM | Business

Coal output to rise in H2 but exports to go flat

The Jakarta Post , Jakarta | Tue, 08/25/2009 1:02 PM | Business

It is estimated coal production will rise by 5.7 percent in the second semester from a year earlier, to bring full-year output growth to around 5 percent, although exports will remain stagnant on slightly slower demand, an industry grouping says. In the first half of the year, coal production reached 122 million tons or about 4.2 percent higher than the same period last year, according to the Indonesian Coal Mining Association (APBI).

For the July-December period, APBI chairman Bob Kamandanu, said that the country's total production may increase by 5.7 percent to 128 million tons, from 121 million tons in the same period last year.

The increase, he said, was because the largest players in the industry increased production. The largest players in the industry include PT Bumi Resources, PT Adaro Indonesia, PT Kideco Jaya Agung, PT Berau Coal and PT Bukit Asam.

While production is rising, exports are predicted to remain relatively flat, close to the level of 160 million tons.

Bob said that declining demand from overseas industries, as they reduced their coal imports, mostly due to the global economic crisis, was the reason behind the stagnation in the country's coal exports.

"Companies from the export destination countries requested to reduce their imports by between 10 percent and 20 percent earlier this year," he said, adding that China might reduce its coal imports by 5 percent this year.

Therefore, the association expects a minor growth in exports this year, only by between 2 percent and 3 percent, to between 163.2 million and 164.8 million tons, from 160 million tons last year.
Domestic consumption meanwhile is expected to increase by 15.38 percent to 90 million tons this year, from 78 million tons last year. He said domestic demand, showing a different pattern from exports, was still dominated by industries, such as the State Electricity Company (PLN) and coal-fired power stations like PT Paiton Energy.
Domestic coal prices averaged around Rp 600,000 per ton depending on its quality, up 18.28 percent from Rp 507,240 per ton last year, he said. Source: http://www.thejakartapost.com/

Mining Is Never Die (mind)

2009-09-04T18:00:00.000-07:00

Mining Never (mind)

Extract Resources
Extract Resources primary business focus is in the African nation of Namibia, in which it has a large land position of 2653km2 over several licenses. While the projects have various mineral occurrences, Extract's main objective is based around the potential of the uranium (U3O8) rich provinces in Namibia, particularly within the alaskite belt that hosts the world class Rossing Mine.

Extract's aim is to explore, evaluate, develop and produce U3O8 from its advanced projects, as a source of fuel conversion for low-cost, environmentally friendly nuclear power. In doing so, Extract maintains a policy of quality environmental management and social and corporate responsibility in meeting its business objectives.

Source: http://www.proactiveinvestors.com.au/companies/news/2420/is-extract-resources-paladin-energy-20-2420.html

African Diamonds
African Diamonds Plc is a diamond exploration company listed on the London and Botswana Stock Exchange. The company has an exciting portfolio of projects based in Botswana and Congo.

The focus of activity is the African Diamonds/De Beers joint venture on 4,500sq km in the Orapa area of Botswana.
Source: http://www.proactiveinvestors.com.au/ and www.afdiamonds.com

Ferrexpo
Ferrexpo plc is a resources company listed on the LSE and a member of the FTSE 250 index. The Company is headquartered in Switzerland, with its principal operating assets in Ukraine. Ferrexpo is primarily involved in the production and export of iron ore pellets, used in producing steel. It is committed to realising the potential of one of the largest iron ore resources in the world, located on the doorstep of Europe. Ferrexpo’s aim is to be recognised as a leading global supplier of iron ore pellets, providing outstanding service to customers and strong returns to shareholders.

Source: http://www.proactiveinvestors.com.au/ and www.ferrexpo.com

Greenland Minerals and Energy
Greenland Minerals and Energy Ltd, is a mineral exploration and development company, focused on unlocking the mineral riches of Greenland, one of the world’s last natural resource frontiers. Our aim is simple; to identify large mineral deposits with the potential to underpin long term, economically robust mining operations. This is achieved through technically-focused exploration, aggressive resource development programs, and a strong understanding of the fundamentals that drive the business of mineral exploration and development globally.

Our flagship project is Kvanefjeld, a multi-element deposit located near the southwest tip of Greenland. Through focused exploration, Kvanefjeld is rapidly growing to become one to the world’s largest undeveloped deposits of rare earth elements, uranium and naturally occurring sodium fluoride, commodities with long term forecasts for strong demand increases.
Source: http://www.proactiveinvestors.com.au/ and www.ggg.gl/

Mining Economic 2009

2009-07-13T16:33:00.000-07:00

It was nice speaking to you. I would like you to take review of our Master Class if it is something that you or company need. This class will be conducted by Dr. Rudianto from Institute Technology of Bandung (ITB) who is one of the policy makers in the mining industry, thus not only it will be a good chance to learn from him but at the same time address any enquires you or your company may have on the policies in Indonesia . I would like you to take review of our Master Class if it is something that you or company need. This class will be conducted by Dr. Rudianto from Institute Technology of Bandung (ITB) who is one of the policy makers in the mining industry, thus not only it will be a good chance to learn from him but at the same time, address any enquires you or your company may have on the policies in Indonesia.

Brief outline of the programme

I would like to invite you and your colleagues to join us in this “MUST” attend 3-day enriching and interactive class. This is designed for groups of professionals, i.e. Mining Managers, Heads of Finances, Operation Managers and etc, who would want to increase the success of their mines through successful and efficiency planning and development. One of the unique features commented by delegates was that we conduct practices on realistic practical cost calculation, analysis and addressing the current challenges they have.

Having a good and strong understanding of Mining Economics can be the difference between profit and loss for any mine as it grapples with rising operating cost, as it is the key component of a viable, efficient and successful mining plan

Please refer to attached file for more detailed information on Mining Economics 2009. We had very satisfied delegates from Global Minerals, Hasnur Group, United Tractors and etc from our previous trainings and have request for more classes to be conducted over SEA.

Topics that will be covered: Mine Investment Analysis, Mine Cash Flow Analysis, Sensitivity Analysis, Cost Evaluation, Basic Mining Company Valuation, Case Studies

Meet Your Facilitator: Dr. Ir. Rudianto Ekawan- Department of Mining Engineering, Institute Technology of Bandung

Dr. Rudianto specializes in mine planning, mine investment analysis, mining policy and mine management at the Department of Mining Engineering, Bandung Institute Technology. Currently he is also a mine consultant, responsible for investment analysis study of several mining project feasibility studies for both public and private mining operators, contractors and etc.

He is also a member of a team giving consultative works for Directorate General of Mines. Previously, he worked at the Centre De Géosciences, Ecole des Mines de Paris , Frances , conducting research and giving lecture in the subject of coal mining in Europe . He has published books and has written many articles and journals for various media sources.

He is currently the Vice Chairman – Mining Policy Committee for the Association of Indonesia Mining Professionals (PERHAPI) and member of The International Association for Energy Economics and The Mineral Economics and Management Society.

Register with us before 18th July 2009 to enjoy the Early Bird Discount
Best Regards,
Chih Peng Yeo
Business Solutions
Manager
AEG Trainings

T +65 6506 0962
M +65 9783 5742
F +65 6749 7293
chihpeng.yeo@alleventsgroup.com
www.aegtrainings.com

Geology, Geophysics , And Geochemistry For Geothermal Exploration

2009-07-13T00:04:00.000-07:00

Bandung, 13 July , 2009
To Whom It May Concern:
Dear Sir / Madame,
Due to popular demand, Faculty of Mining & Petroleum Engineering – Institut Teknologi Bandung (FTTM-ITB) will conduct a
short course entitled “ Geology, Geophysics And Geochemistry for Geothermal Exploration” in Savoy Homann Hotel -
Bandung from August 3-20, 2009. The course will be taught by :
Dr. Ir. Prihadi Soemintadireja (Ir: ITB, MT: ITB, Dr: Univ. Kyushu)
Dr. Eng. Suryantini (Dr. Eng. From Univ.Kyushu)
Ir. Niniek Rina Herdianita, MSc: Ir: ITB, MSc: Univ. Auckland, PhD Candidate: Univ. Auckland).
Dr. Hendra Grandis (Drs: ITB, DEA: Univ. Paris 7, Dr : Univ. Paris 7).
In this rigorous 3 weeks course, participants learn various methods of geology, geophysics and geochemistry used during
exploration of geothermal or hydrothermal system.
- Geology overviews various surveys used during geothermal exploration. Furthermore, it gives knowledge about
alteration minerals, especially ones which are common in geothermal system.
- Geophysical study overviews various surveys used during geothermal exploration. It gives knowledge how to compile
geological condition and geophysics anomalies and physical properties of rock to understand subsurface structure or
reservoir.
- Geochemistry overviews various surveys used during geothermal exploration, type and distribution of geothermal fluids
and interpretation of reservoir condition.
This course is designed for reservoir engineers, petroleum engineers, geothermal employee, geochemistry employee, who
wish to get a through understanding on Geology, Geophysics and Geochemistry for Geothermal Exploration.
Course fee is Rp.38.500.000,- (Thirty eight million and five hundred thousand rupiah only) per participant, includes hotel
accommodation, course fee , materials, coffee breaks & lunch.
We would be very grateful if you could pass this information to your staffs or colleagues who may get benefit from this
program. For further information on this Course please contact: Mrs. July K.Tunny, Unit Kerja Sama FTTM-ITB, Basic
Science Center-B 4th Floor, Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Phone / Fax : (62-22) 2500047, Email : ppm@fttm.itb.ac.id or
kerma_itb@yahoo.com.
My best regards,
July Khuzaimah Tunny
Executive Assistant for External Affairs
KERMA - FTTM
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Jl. Ganesha 10
Bandung 4013
Telp/Fax : (022) 2500047

GEOLOGY, GEOPHISICS AND
GEO-CHEMISTRY FOR
GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION

Dates : 3 -20 August 2009 (3 weeks course)
Instructor :
Dr. Ir. Prihadi Soemintadireja (Ir: ITB, MT: ITB, Dr: Univ. Kyushu)
Dr. Eng. Suryantini (Dr. Eng. From Univ.Kyushu)
Ir. Niniek Rina Herdianita, MSc: Ir: ITB, MSc: Univ. Auckland, PhD
Candidate: Univ. Auckland).
Dr. Hendra Grandis (Drs: ITB, DEA: Univ. Paris 7, Dr : Univ. Paris 7).
Venue : Savoy Homann Hotel - Bandung
Cost : Rp.38.500.000,- (Thirty Eight million and five hundred thousands
rupiah)
Includes: Hotel Accomodation, course fee & materials, Coffee-breaks &
lunch
PLEASE REGISTER AS SOON AS POSSIBLE TO :
Fakultas Teknik Pertambangan & Perminyakan-ITB (FTTM-ITB)
Gedung Basic Sciences Center B, 4th Floor
Jln. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Phones / Fax : (62-22) 2500047
E-mail address: ppm@fttm.itb.ac.id. Contact Person : July K.Tunny

Geology, Geophysics And Geochemistry
FOR GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION

Instructor :
Dr. Ir. Prihadi Soemintadireja (Ir: ITB, MT: ITB, Dr: Univ. Kyushu)
Dr. Eng. Suryantini (Dr.Eng : Univ.Kyushu)
Ir. Niniek Rina Herdianita, MSc: Ir: ITB, MSc: Univ. Auckland, PhD Candidate: Univ. Auckland).
Dr. Hendra Grandis (Drs: ITB, DEA: Univ. Paris 7, Dr : Univ. Paris 7).
About the Course :
This course discusses various methods of geology, geophysics and geochemistry used during
exploration of geothermal or hydrothermal system.
- Geology overviews various surveys used during geothermal exploration. Furthermore, it gives
knowledge about alteration minerals, especially ones which are common in geothermal system.
- Geophysical study overviews various surveys used during geothermal exploration. It gives
knowledge how to compile geological condition and geophysics anomalies and physical
properties of rock to understand subsurface structure or reservoir.
- Geochemistry overviews various surveys used during geothermal exploration, type and
distribution of geothermal fluids and interpretation of reservoir condition.
Course Outline:
1. Geology (5 days)
The aim of the course is to give an understanding of the geothermal system and geological
methods and their application to identify a geothermal area, including its surface manifestation,
within a volcanic area. Another main subject of this course is to understand various minerals
commonly occurring in geothermal system, its type of alteration and how to use it to understand
the behavior of reservoir.

Please return this form to:
Fakultas Teknik Pertambangan & Perminyakan-ITB (FTTM-ITB)
Gedung Basic Sciences Center B, 4th Floor
Jln. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132, Phones / Fax : (62-22) 2500047
E-mail address: ppm@fttm.itb.ac.id. Contact Person : July K.Tunny

Randgold Resources’ strong project investment continues to serve it well

2009-07-11T17:27:00.000-07:00

Management at Randgold Resources recently announced a 41% quarter on quarter earnings boost for the three months to March, to US$13.1 million. The earnings uplift was driven by increased production and a higher gold price. Production rose by 3% quarter-on-quarter to 110,313 ounces, while cash costs of US$461 per ounce were in line with the previous quarter. There was also a 14% year-on-year increase to attributable reserves after depletion. So great news all round!Looking at the miner’s individual operations, Mali’s Loulo mine led the way increasing production by 17% to 70,826 ounces thanks to higher ore grades and slightly higher milling throughput. This was achieved despite the planned nine-day shutdown for the plant expansion project that will boost production by approximately 30%. The enhanced production led to a 4% reduction in Loulo’s per ounce cash costs.

Meanwhile, production at Morila was down 16% to 98,718 ounces. The reduction was in line with expectations, as the operation converted from mining to stockpile treatment. The cash cost per ounce at Morila was 3% up from the previous quarter, mainly due to the reduced production. Management’s real achievement though was the substantial progress made on a range of expansion, development and exploration projects, designed to ensure sustainable production and profitable growth.

Foremost of which is the Yalea underground mine development at Loulo. The project, combined with the plant expansion, is anticipated to increase Loulo’s annual production to 400,000 ounces by 2010. The company made a record advance of 605 metres during the month of March, keeping the project on track to achieve its goal of ramping up to 120,000 tonnes of ore per month by the end of this year.

Planning at Gara, the proposed second underground mine at Loulo, is being finalised with development scheduled to start during January 2010 whilst at Gounkoto, also on the Loulo permit is shaping up as a significant new discovery.

Meanwhile, the development of the group’s Ivory Coast based new Tongon mine, which is scheduled to pour its first gold during the fourth quarter of 2010, is gaining momentum. Work on project infrastructure has made significant progress and the main contractor's personnel, as well as the Randgold’s management teams, are currently mobilising to the site. During the March quarter the company also completed the scoping study on Massawa. The study confirmed that this is a very robust project with an initial Inferred Resource of 3.39 million ounces. Management estimate that the project is capable of generating returns in excess of 20% at a gold price of US$650 per ounce. This is particularly exciting given our view that gold prices will achieve higher averages.

Exploration and corporate expenditure for the March quarter of US$11.0 million was 6% higher than the previous quarter, and included expenditure on the Massawa project as well as share-based payments and increased bonus accruals. The company’s strategy of building growth through strong project investment continues to serve it well and has the company positioned strongly for 2009 and beyond.
by Fat Prophets
http://www.proactiveinvestors.co.uk/columns/fat_prophets/458/randgold-resources-strong-project-investment-continues-to-serve-it-well-0458.html?utm_source=Sign-Up.to&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=145621-Proactiveinvestors+Newsletter+2009%2F07%2F09

Newmont Nusa Tenggara obey the law

2009-04-23T14:53:00.000-07:00

Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) Purnomo Yusgiantoro on Wednesday (22 / 4) submit: PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara (NNT) has been make about 2 million U.S. dollars to the treasury as the replacement cost of arbitration issued by the government. Details, 1.9 million U.S. dollars for court costs. Approximately 160,000 U.S. dollars to the cost of others.

This is a continuation of the International Arbitration Court 31 March 2009 ordered that PT Newmont Nusa Tenggara (NNT) to replace the cost of a government issued within 30 days of decision was issued. Attorneys State Prosecutor, Joseph Suwardi sabda, the government has issued a court cost of arbitration 170,000 U.S. dollars. Other costs are more likely to pay private lawyers, accommodation, and the consumption of foreign arbitrer from 8-13 December 2008. Settlement of payment obligations as NNT omen indeed run international arbitration decision. Currently, the government has to register a court decision to the Arbitration Court of South Jakarta District Court rules in accordance

Separate CO2 from natural gas

2009-04-05T06:04:00.000-07:00

As state run oil and gas firm PT Pertamina is selecting partners for the development of the Natuna D-Alpha gas block, the Netherlands-based Royal Dutch Shell Plc is promoting its technology which it claims is applicable to gas fields contaminated with high levels of CO2. PT Shell Indonesia's president director, said the company had been developing a combined technology to separate CO2 from natural gas. We expect this combined technology will be able to deal with CO2 contaminated fields with the degree of contamination up to 90 percent. Shell is included in the list of eight candidates shortlisted by Pertamina all of whom are hoping to help develop the block. Located in the Riau Islands, the Natuna D-Alpha block is estimated to contain 46 trillion cubic feet of gas, making it the biggest gas reserve in Asia. However, it requires big investment and advanced technology as it contains 70 percent of CO2

Standard Chartered Bank signed an agreement Wednesday with PT Shell Indonesia to offer clients gasoline price reductions at all 20 Shell gasoline stations in Greater Jakarta. The discount is only eligible for platinum and gold credit card holders, with 10 and 5 percent reductions respectively. This discount program will only be available every Tuesday and Thursday, Standard Chartered credit card business manager Yongkie Cendana said, adding that the program would be valid until the end of the year. He said Standard Chartered was targeting 200,000 to 250,000 gasoline credit card purchases during the period, with an average of 30 liters per transaction. The bank expects the number of its credit card holders to grow by 30 to 40 percent and transaction values by 40 to 50 percent. Currently, it has around 250,000 credit card holders, 80 percent of whom are premium and gold card holders

Source: www.thejakartapost.com

Exclusive News and Articles from Proactiveinvestors

2009-03-25T07:58:00.000-07:00

Ascent Resources - Ascent Resources gears up for busy drill program. With one gas field in production, an active drilling programme, a stake in an Italian drilling contractor, and a new joint venture with a Swiss Investment Fund, 2009 is shaping up to be a busy year.

Alterian - Alterian: making in-roads into the US business software market. Alterian makes software that is used to manage a range of marketing functions and its applications can now be integrated into one overall marketing platform that manages people and processes.

PERSIAN GOLD - Persian Gold gets a seat at the table in Iran. Following a recent visit to Iran, John Teeling is upbeat about the projects now being brought to the company’s attention

PATAGONIA GOLD - Patagonia Gold is cashed up and running.Operating costs will be low, at around $300 per ounce, and full project cash flow over the initially-calculated 7 year mine-life is estimated at approximately $64 million at $850 gold.

Aviva - Will capital concerns continue to weigh on Aviva? If markets continue to slide capital requirements may come under scrutiny for many insurers and they could become the “new banks” for shorters to sink their teeth into.

Kalahari Minerals - Kalahari Minerals' Mark Hohnen Speaks to Proactiveinvestors. Mark Hohnen, Executive Chairman of Kalahari Minerals, talks about the newly announced initial resource statement for Rossing South - one the most significant new uranium discoveries in recent years - about progress made with the company’s base metals projects, and its relationship Rio Tinto and Extract Resources.

Xtract Energy - Xtract Energy: moving closer to production. If any natural resources company follows the old adage of not putting all the eggs into one basket it is surely London-based AIM-listed Xtract Energy

Red Rock Resources - Andrew Bell of Red Rock Resources Speaks to Proactiveinvestors. Andrew Bell, CEO of Red Rock Resources speaks to Harry Norman of Proactiveinvestors about joint ventures, plans over the next 18 months and his thoughts on the prospects for iron ore and manganese.

Spirent Communications - Spirent Communications: testing company turning around. Perhaps more importantly, Spirent’s restructuring has led to gains in market share. But how the economic downturn is expected to affect the group appears to be something of a mixed bag.

Victoria Oil & Gas - Victoria Oil & Gas receives support of General Prosecutor in Kazakhstan, shares soar. Shares in oil and gas junior, jumped in early deals after the company announced that the General Prosecutor of the Republic of Kazakhstan, was supporting the Company’s application against a dispute of ownership of the Kemerkol Oil Field.

Solomon Gold - Solomon Gold : On a mission with Newmont to discover the South Pacific’s next giant orebody. Solomon Gold recently received a huge financial boost and vote of confidence in the prospectivity of its projects when it announced a JV agreement with Newmont, one of the world’s top three gold producers

An Agile and Swift Heavy Equipment Business-Player

2009-03-02T16:43:00.000-08:00

United Tractor (UNTR) recorded in Indonesia Stock Exchange (ISE), Astra International (ASII). United Tractor (UNTR) not be classified as a corporate giant, in the categories used in the book Ross Kanter.

United Tractor (UNTR) is a company that is a marketers heavy equipment, which is one of the giant trucks that are used in the mining area with a diameter of 7 meters to reach the wheels. At Business and sell the equipment that all of this, is the largest United Tractor (UNTR).

In 1995, United Tractor (UNTR) is interesting about the case of a company marketing a successful product of a lift - which is actually less in the global market - a market leader in the Indonesian market. In the heavy equipment, which is the global market leader is Caterpillar. But in Indonesia it is not valid, because the Komatsu that so United Tractor (UNTR) after market leader, which the distributors, successfully changed from product driven company, which only focus on the just distribution of heavy equipment, a customer driven company, which focus on providing products that match with customer needs.

The process itself is more related to changes in mindset, as in the aspects of hardware, United Tractor (UNTR) actually is ready to support the changes. In addition to have used PT Komatsu Indonesia - was established in 1992 - that produces heavy equipment in Indonesia with the license Komatsu, United Tractor (UNTR) also have PT United Tractors Pandu Engineering (Ute) - established in 1983 - that make production equipment based on the license and build their own design. UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) also have Pamapersada PT Nusantara (Pama) - established in 1989 - a move in the field of contracting and mining companies even have to buy coal miner PT Berau Coal in 1990, although in 2004 UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) to remove the entire ownership in the company. UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) changed from product driven to customer driven, but even to become Indonesia's first public company that is ready to implement a performance measurement method EVA. But the crisis 1997 - 1998 membuyarkan plan last and of course affect the business activities and UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) mother ASII. And, as known, all the children and their ASII business, IBRA sold in 2000 to Jardine Cycle and Carriage (JC & C), son of Jardine Matheson's business as a strategic investor.

However, the impact of the crisis 1997 - 1998 does not inhibit efforts UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) to be customer driven company. Later, in line with the new opportunities in the mining and energy sector, where even buying UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) PT Dasa Eka Jasatama and PT Tuah Turangga Agung, which is both coal mining company operating in Kalimantan, UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) increasingly sharp in understanding customers' needs. This is what makes UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) and want to be a solution driven company.

Associated with the recent changes, the management put UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) directorates and spare part service for heavy equipment as important as sales directorate. But the solution is not driven in heavy equipment, this is visible in the toll road built in the area of mining Kalimantan, which is not only itself but also used by other companies. So expanding business into AHEME (Astra Heavy Equipment, Mining and Energy) affect the emergence of the paradigm solution driven company.

UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) indeed can not be categorized as a corporate giant, in the categories used in the book Ross Kanter. UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) even just one of the largest business of konglomerasi recorded in Indonesia Stock Exchange (ISE), Astra International (ASII). ASII and is one of the most important portfolio konglomerasi from one of the largest and oldest in Asia, the Jardine Matheson Group.

But this does not mean that the word can not be a giant cake in the company which was established in 1972 this year. UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) is a company that is a marketers heavy equipment, which is one of the giant trucks used in mining area of diameter rodanya reach 7 meters. And in a business that sells equipment that all of this, is the largest UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR).

In 1995, UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) is interesting about the case of a company marketing a successful product of a lift - which is actually less in the global market - a market leader in the Indonesian market. In the heavy equipment, which is the global market leader is Caterpillar. But in Indonesia it is not valid, because the Komatsu that so UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) after market leader, which the distributors, successfully changed from product driven company, which only focus on the just distribution of heavy equipment, a customer driven company, which focus on providing products that match with customer needs.

The process itself is more related to changes in mindset, as in the aspects of hardware, UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) actually is ready to support the changes. In addition to have used PT Komatsu Indonesia - was established in 1992 - that produces heavy equipment in Indonesia with the license Komatsu, UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) also have PT United Tractors Pandu Engineering (Ute) - established in 1983 - that make production equipment based on the license and build their own design. UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) also have Pamapersada PT Nusantara (Pama) - established in 1989 - a move in the field of contracting and mining companies even have to buy coal miner PT Berau Coal in 1990, although in 2004 UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) to remove the entire ownership in the company. In addition UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) even have PT UTSG - established in 1992 - which is a joint venture UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) and Semen Gresik. With the existence of companies, to become more familiar UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) how to serve the needs of customers and not just sell products.

UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) change from product driven to customer driven, but even to become Indonesia's first public company that is ready to implement a performance measurement method EVA. However, the impact of the crisis 1997 - 1998 does not inhibit efforts UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) to be customer driven company. Later, in line with the new opportunities in the mining and energy sector, where even buying UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) PT Dasa Eka Jasatama and PT Tuah Turangga Agung, which is both coal mining company operating in Kalimantan, UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) increasingly sharp in understanding customers' needs. This is what makes UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) and want to be a solution driven company.

Associated with the recent changes, the management put UNITED TRACTORS (UNTR) directorates and spare part service for heavy equipment as important as sales directorate. But the solution is not driven in heavy equipment, this is visible in the toll road built in the area of mining Kalimantan, which is not only itself but also used by other companies. So expanding business into AHEME (Astra Heavy Equipment, Mining and Energy) affect the emergence of the paradigm solution driven company.

Long-awaited new mining law requires rapid government action

2009-02-20T15:07:00.000-08:00

After three years of deliberations, the House of Representatives has finalized the draft of the new law on coal and mineral mining, and on Jan. 16, 2009, the new mining law, Law No. 4/2009 came into effect, substituting for the previous law No. 11/1967 on the main mining policies. Under the new law, the previous system of mining contracts - namely mining concessions (KP), contracts of work (KK), and coal contracts of work (PKP2B) - are to be replaced with a license.

Rather than entering into an agreement with the government, all coal and mineral mining companies wishing to undertake mining activities in Indonesia must now request a mining business license called an IUP from the government. Previous restrictions on foreign ownership are eased under the IUP system. Previously, foreign ownership was allowed only if the concessions were in the form of KK or PKP2B (foreign entities could not hold KP concessions).

Under the new law however, foreign parties are required to divest their interests within five years after the company begins production. Another positive thing about the IUP system is that the bureaucracy is now more streamlined. Mining companies now simply need to obtain two licenses - namely the IUP license for exploration and the IUP license for production - instead of five.

It should be noted however, that the licenses are valid for a shorter period of time than the contracts under the old system. The new law is also intended to lead to improved management of Indonesia's reserves of non-renewable resources and to prevent them from being depleted too rapidly, as seen in the new stipulations regarding the maximum size of the mining area for coal and for each type of mineral mined (see the following table for the specific arrangements for coal and metal mining).

In the same regard, the new law also covers matters pertaining to levels of production in addition to export quotas.

This gives the government the power to manage the balance of production and the allocation for the domestic market, something which the previous law did not specify.

By doing so, the government will further ensure - among other things - the required coal supplies for the state electricity company. Fairness is another objective the new law is trying to achieve.

The stipulation on how the IUP license is granted provides an excellent example of this, as it will be awarded upon the result of a competitive tender process.

This is a significant departure from the previous law when concessions were granted by the relevant issuing authority upon application.

Since the IUP gives the holder the right to mine one type of mineral only, the discovery of other minerals will require the issue of a new IUP license, and this new license may be issued to other parties who wish to mine the minerals.

Compared to the previous law which stipulated that the initial concession holder was given priority rights to other minerals in the same area. the new law shows more effort to promote fairness. Nevertheless, such a stipulation may create potential conflicts when implemented. If the minerals lie on the same land, how can two different companies conduct mining activities at the same site at the same time? It would be difficult - if not impossible - and also inefficient.

Another issue concerning the new law is whether mining companies are prepared to invest more to build new processing and refinery facilities in Indonesia. According to the new law, IUP license holders will be obliged to undertake processing and refining activities in Indonesia.

It takes a big investment to build such facilities and not all mining companies have the financial and management ability and most of all the willingness to do so.

It is also not going to be easy to get existing contract holders (especially KK and PKP2B contract holders which are already in the exploration, feasibility study, construction, or operation/production stages) to comply with the new law. They may argue that the government has broken the earlier contract by making new requirements.

In this case they may opt to file a lawsuit against the government with an international court.

Some existing contract holders have voiced objections to the new law due to a lack of clarity and uncertainties regarding its implementation.

Although complaints are normal when a new law is issued, the government should address them seriously and issue the accompanying implementation regulation as soon as possible. According to Law no. 4/2009, the implementation regulation should be available within one year after the law is introduced and effective. It will certainly be better if the government can issue the regulation much faster and provide the legal certainties that are demanded by investors. Otherwise investors may be discouraged from investing in this sector.

Source:Metty Fauziah Wardhani , Analyst | Thu, 02/19/2009 2:11 PM | Business

Income tax incentives to be extended to more sectors

The government is considering including other business sectors, in addition to labor-intensive ones, in its plan to help cover the income tax of workers (usually paid by their companies) to help cope with the impact of the global economic crisis.

Finance Ministry director general of taxation Darmin Nasution said Thursday the tax office might include other business sectors as being eligible for this concession - the elimination of income tax under article 21 in the income tax law - to help ease the burden on firms.

"Along with the *ministry's* fiscal policy agency, we'll visit several departments to look at alternative sectors *to extend the tax incentive*," he said.

Previously, the tax office hinted the incentives would only apply to labor-intensive business sectors.

Besides choosing the business sectors, the tax office will determine the salary range that will be elgible for the tax incentive, he added.

"We don't want a director with a Rp 30 million (US$2,500) salary to get the incentive," said Darmin.

The tax office expects to issue a new regulation on the tax incentive within 10 days.

The regulation will ease the burden of companies paying their workers' income tax amid the global economic slowdown.

Unlike in many countries, most companies in Indonesia cover their workers' income tax payments.

Whole or part reduction of workers' income tax costs may also make companies reconsider plans to cut their staff salaries as the incentive will reduce business costs.

Some companies have stopped giving bonuses to their workers, and have halted pay rises, as revenue started dropping late last year.

Sofjan Wanandi, the chairman of Indonesian Employers Association (Apindo), said businesses could not maintain their workforce if demand dropped markedly due to the global economic slowdown.

"If we don't get any orders, how can we not lay off our workers?"

He said that since January demand had dropped by between 15 percent and 20 percent on average for all business sectors - which the government should address.

Sofjan urged the government and the House of Representatives to immediately wrap up the revision of the details of the 2009 state budget and start implementing the agreed economic stimulus package.

The tax incentive is part of the government economic stimulus package to counter the impact of global economic slowdown.

Last week, the tax office issued a regulation allowing eligible companies to get a reduction of up to 25 percent to their income tax for the January-June period.

All these measures are part of the planned Rp 71.3 trillion (about US$6.31 billion) of economic stimulus provided by the government to keep the economy growing at not less than 4.5 percent growth.

Businesses have warned that massive layoffs are inevitable, if companies are not given tax incentives to help ease their financial burden.

Source: Aditya Suharmoko , THE JAKARTA POST , JAKARTA | Fri, 02/20/2009 2:54 PM | Business

Environmentalists protest rising popularity of coal

2009-02-11T08:27:00.000-08:00

Increased coal use could pose severe environmental threats for the nation, activists warned Monday.

"Using coal is not a sustainable solution, because it can severely damage the environment. The government must not use it in the long run," Darwina Sri Widjajanti, executive director of the Sustainable Development Foundation (YPB), told The Jakarta Post.

To counter the country's power shortages, the government has embarked on a 10,000-megawatt power plant project that will see a string of coal-fired plants spring up across the country.

Indonesia boasts the world's largest coal reserves, but also fast-depleting oil reserves, leading the government to turn to coal-fired power plants as the best solution to replace the oil-fueled plants currently in widespread use.

With a long-term plan in place to build more coal-fired plants, analysts say coal production and domestic demand will also increase exponentially.

However, environmental groups are blasting the trend, saying coal produces more carbon in its combustion, and is thus more harmful for the environment.

Marta Szigeti Bonifert, executive director for the Regional Environmental Center (REC), said Indonesia was not the only country putting "too much hope" in coal, despite clear threats of climate change and a global energy crisis.

"If we continue to live the way we do now, global energy demand by 2030 will expand by 45 percent, with an average annual increase of 1.6 percent," she said.

"Coal will account for a third of the overall rise."

Darwina added besides environmental damage, increased coal use would also cause health problems.

"The government must find a way to maximize the use of renewable energy, instead of continuing to rely on fossil fuels," she said, adding the government and industries could turn to geothermal energy and hydroelectric plants.

Darwina said another threat specific to the Indonesian environment was the misuse of land, which could lead to deadly natural disasters.

"Many forests have now been wiped out and converted into farmland. Even worse, these areas are not developed properly," she said.

Source: The Jakarta Post , Jakarta | Tue, 02/10/2009 2:39 PM | National

Bad weather delays coal shipment for Cilacap

2009-02-11T08:22:00.000-08:00

Bad weather has prevented six barges carrying 48,000 tons of coal to feed the six turbines at the Cilacap power plant in Central Java from reaching their destination.

"The barges from Kalimantan cannot enter Tanjung Intan Port because they are being held in the East Java waters," Aher Priyatno, head of the patrol and rescue section head at the port's coast guard office, said Monday.

"Bad weather has generated 5-meter waves on the Indian Ocean."

Five barges are taking refuge in the Muncar waters off Banyuwangi, while the sixth is still in Masalembu waters.

Aher said he did not know when the barges could continue their trip to Cilacap, saying only that they had to wait for better weather.

The delay is expected to disrupt the power plant's operations, although plant technical manager Sutikno said current stocks were still sufficient for the next two weeks.

High waves on the Indian Ocean are expected well into mid-February, threatening all vessels.

Meanwhile, in Timika, Papua, the Mimika regency administration is cooperating with state-owned electricity firm PT PLN to start building a power plant in Pomako this year.

The administration and the Mimika Regency Legislative Council met Jan. 27 in Jakarta with a PLN committee overseeing power plant development.

During the meeting, the Mimika administration offered the use of a 12-hectare plot of land to stockpile coal, said Trimanto, head of PLN's Mimika office.

"The committee responded by sending a team to conduct surveys, assisted by officials from the Mimika Public Works Agency," he told The Jakarta Post on Saturday.

"It is expected the power plant will cost some Rp 200 billion *US$17.03 million*."

Trimanto added PLN was currently handling 35 power plant projects across the country, two of which were in Papua. The other one is in provincial capital of Jayapura.

He also said that bidding for the Pomako power plant would be held in June.

Source:Agus Maryono and Markus Makur , The Jakarta Post , CILACAP, Timika | Tue, 02/10/2009 2:39 PM | The Archipelago

Antam rushes for gold mines

2009-01-31T15:02:00.000-08:00

State-run mining company PT Aneka Tambang (Antam) is intensifying efforts to jack up its gold output by securing more gold mines.

As a slump in global nickel prices has cost the publicly listed mining company dearly, it is seeking to gain control of Martabe gold mine in North Sumatra from its partner Australian-based Oxiana Limited.

Antam president director Alwin Syah Loebis said on Thursday Antam was seeking more than a 50 percent stake in the project, which has a resource base of 6 million ounces of gold and 60 million ounces of silver in a 2,563 square-kilometer area.

Martabe is owned by PT Agincourt Resources, in which Oxiana holds a majority interest.

“Under earlier arrangements, we have secured a 10 percent stake in the project, however we want to increase it,” Alwin said.

Under a memorandum of understanding signed in April last year, Antam had purchased a 10 percent stake in the Martabe project for US$66.5 million, and had an option to acquire a further 10 percent for another US$66.5 million.

The new price, however, is subject to an adjustment based on fluctuations in the gold and silver prices.

“We want to take a majority in the project should the price be attractive and suitable with our budget,” Alwin said, refusing to give figures.

He said Antam had logged the offer to Oxiana, but had no reply yet.

With the acquisition, Antam is expected to be able to reduce its dependency on the nickel business, which accounted for 73 percent of revenue during the first nine months of last year, while the remaining 23 percent was contributed by gold and 4 percent by bauxite and iron ore.

Antam’s revenue slumped by 8 percent to Rp 7.57 trillion ($670 million) in the first nine months of last year as against Rp 8.27 trillion in the same period of 2007 due to the plunge in nickel prices affected by the global economic slowdown.

The company signed on Thursday a memorandum of understanding with the Central Kalimantan administration to develop untapped mineral resources in the province, including high-grade coal, iron ore and bauxite.

Alwin said Antam had budgeted Rp 140 billion this year for exploration, and Rp 3.04 trillion for capital expenditure, up by 301 percent from Rp 758 billion in 2008.

The company expects to produce 12,000 tons of ferronickel this year, down from 17,000 tons in 2008 on declining demand and prices.

Due to difficulties in securing mining concessions, Antam only forecast bauxite and gold output to reach 1 million tons and 2.9 million tons, respectively. The figure is similar to last year’s.

Source: Ika Krismantari , The Jakarta Post , Jakarta | Fri, 01/30/2009 2:15 PM | Business

Coal production expected to increase

2009-01-24T21:47:00.000-08:00

Coal Production Expected to Increase from South Kalimantan

Coal production in South Kalimantan has the potential to increase. South Kalimantan coal production by 2008, until the month of November reached 71.9 tons, of which 68.2 million tonnes were sold locally and internationally, 48.3 tons and 19.9 tons consecutively. In late 2008, production is expected to reach 78.5 million tons. Coal production in the region of South Kalimantan has the potential to increase in coming years. Apart from the vast coal reserves, several companies are currently in the stages of exploration and construction in the area

This production is expected to keep rising in coming years, at least for the next five years. The 2009 production target was fixed at 86.8 million tonnes, while 2010 is estimated to reach 97.4 million tons, reaching a peak of 101.1 million tonnes in 2011. 2012 coal production is expected to slightly decline, totalling 96.4 million tons.

There are currently 17 coal companies which are implementing the PKP2B model, with an extraction capacity of 2994 million tons. Current deposit of coal is estimated at 1390 million tons. Coal deposit for the whole of South Kalimantan is located at 1669 million tons.

The quality of South Kalimantan coal in general contains a calorific value of 3578 – 7298 kcal/kg; 0,04 – 2,94 % sulphur; 1-27,19% ash; 35 – 45,9% fix carbon; 38 – 70 HGI; 27,7 – 48,5% volatile matter; 3,54 – 24% inherent moister; and total moisture of 3,54 – 45%.

Beside its vast amount of coal, South Kalimantan is also rich in mineral reserves. According to data from the Center of Energy Resources, South Kalimantan has several mineral reserves including primary iron (9,9 million tonnes of ore and 5,97 million tonnes of metal), laterite iron (510 million tonnes of ore and 240,57 million tonnes of metal), laterite titanium (596,49 million tonnes of ore and 2,164 tonnes of metal), chrome (152 thousand tonnes of ore and 45,5 thousand tonnes of metal), primary gold (259,7 million tonnes of ore and 1,173 tonnes of metal), and placer gold (255,8 million tonnes of ore and 28,946 tonnes of metal

The Coal and Mining Law, approved during the House of Representatives plenary meeting on December 16, 2008 seeks to domestically increase mining commodity value. Mining companies are required to process their products domestically and at the same time prohibited from exporting raw material. This is aimed at increasing state revenue, opening new job opportunities, and increase public welfare.

“The Mining Law prohibits the export of raw material. This is a major change in our natural resources management, which is approved by the House of Representatives plenary meeting on December 16, 2008” explains the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources, Purnomo Yusgiantoro during the explanation on “Mining Law: A New Era in Mining” in Jakarta on Wednesday (21/1).

The Minister further explains that for more than 30 years, we have been exporting raw mining products overseas, while at the same time importing processed products such as nickel, silver, and other products at a much higher price. This Mining Law aims to change this condition for the benefit of the nation.

The minister further explains that this task will not be an easy one, “this will only be accomplished through commitment and hard work”. The minister reminds that according to the 1945 Constitution, all natural reserves including mineral and coal as an un-renewable resource must be managed wisely to benefit the whole nation.

According to the minister, this Mining Law will provide a larger opportunity for Indonesia and its people to improve their natural resource management. “There have been a lot of debates, discussions, and agreements that we have been through before this law was issued. Of course not all ideas and opinions are accommodated in this law, but I am certain that several important and strategic aspects needed to carry out article 33 verse 3 of that 1945 Constitution is governed by this law. One of these aspects includes keeping a good investment climate”.
http://www.esdm.go.id/news-archives/coals/52-coal/2233-minister-mining-law-prohibits-raw-material-export.html

Dozens buried, miners still awaiting rescue

2009-01-20T16:43:00.000-08:00

As of Monday, dozens of landslide victims in Batu Mujur, Sekotong district, West Lombok, have not yet been evacuated and the provincial disaster mitigation agency (Basarnas) is attempting to dispatch heavy machinery to the area.

"The heavy machinery will likely arrive in a long time due to the poor access to the area," said Basarnas head Saidar Rahman Jaya.

Search workers had pulled four victims and rescued five injured people from the accident site as of Saturday night.

The accident did not stop other miners from continuing with their work as hundreds of miners began mining again not far from the scene of the landslide.

They were smashing rocks with sledgehammers, grinding stone into powder and placing large rocks into a 25 kilogram rice sack.

"Most of them stop working only when it rains," Liman, a miner, 40, told The Jakarta Post.

Liman and his brother, Puji, 38, are from the southwest Praya district in Central Lombok, and have been mining for five days at the Batu Mujur site.

They stopped working in rice fields after hearing stories from their friends about the gold mine in Sekotong. we're lucky, we sometimes get an ounce from 10 sacks, which is not bad compared to working as farm hands," said Liman, adding he earns only Rp 12,000 (US$1.00) as a farm hand each day.

Around 200 other miners search for gold in Sekotong, most of who come from west Lombok, Mataram, central Lombok and Java.

Previously, the miners sold their sacks of rocks for Rp 35,000 each to a collector, but now most of them can process the rocks into gold.

A miner from West Java, Rahman, 45, told the Post the gold content of rocks at Sekotong mine was larger compared to that in Taliwang, West Sumbawa.

"I have mined in Taliwang for three years, and it turned out that Sekotong is better. The gold content can reach up to 80 percent, at 22 and 23 carats," he said.

The gold process in Sekotong is also simpler, as rock is broken and brought to the stone crushers at several locations in East Sekotong village. just use mercury to separate the gold. A sack usually needs 300 grams of mercury," he said.

According to Rahman, miners can immediately sell their gold to traders or take it home. To determine the price, they just have to type GOLD and send a text message to 6788.

"The price fluctuates so we use the text message to determine the exact price. It's usually set at Rp 250,000. Imagine how much a miner earns if he can get three grams of gold a day."

Rahman however said miners usually did not follow safety precautions. landslide was blamed on negligence and carelessness. They should have dug the lower part first and restrained the rocks above with planks," he said.

The West Lombok regency recorded eight traditional gold mines in Sekotong.

"Mining began in early 2008 and it has continued to expand," said regency spokesman Basirun Anwar.

The community learned of its gold prospects following a survey by a prospecting company which later canceled its investment plans.

Mining activity is illegal, however, as a local ordinance issued by the provincial administration in 2007 stipulates that gold mining is banned on Lombok.

Source:Panca Nugraha , THE JAKARTA POST , MATARAM | Tue, 01/20/2009 5:14 PM | The Archipelago

Mercury in gold mining: a Third World toxic threat

2009-01-11T15:15:00.000-08:00

A gold miner stands waist-deep in a polluted pond, dumps a capful of mercury into a bucket of ore and mixes it in with his bare hands.

The darting liquid metal wraps itself around the gold to form a silver pellet the size of a marble.

The use of mercury in gold mining is illegal in Indonesia because it is toxic to both human health and the environment. But the price of gold has tripled since 2001, and mercury is the easiest way to extract it.

"Of course I'm worried," said miner Handoko, 23, a grim man in a baseball hat who goes by one name. "But this is the job."

Tens of thousands of remote mining sites have sprung up mostly in Asia, Latin America and Africa, using as much as 1,000 tons of mercury each year. The mercury ravages the nervous system of miners and their families. It also travels thousands of miles in the atmosphere, settling in oceans and river beds in Europe and North America and moving up the food chain into fish.

Small-scale gold mining is the second-worst source of mercury pollution in the world, after the burning of fossil fuels. And Indonesia ranks behind only China in the use of mercury in gold mining.

Mercury's impact is evident in mining regions like Central Kalimantan, on the island of Borneo. Acres of tropical forest are now virtual desert. Villagers say fish populations have dropped by 70 percent. The Galangan gold mining site stretches several miles, stripped of trees and dotted with mercury-laced ponds.

"This area is finished," said Fauzi Achmad, a gold shop owner, as he drove past the moonscape-like dunes and abandoned mine sites.

Despite the hazards, buying mercury at gold mining sites is as easy as purchasing toothpaste. The international trade in mercury is largely unregulated. And most of the 55 countries where small-scale gold mining is rife lack the political will or capacity to prevent the toxic metal from falling into the hands of 10 to 15 million poor miners.

"The continued use of mercury in gold mining threatens millions of people all over the world, since mercury is a global air pollutant," said Michael Bender, a coordinator for the Zero Mercury Working Group, a coalition of 40 groups worldwide that campaigns to reduce mercury use. "We're talking about a neurotoxin that science clearly shows threatens pregnant women, their fetus and those who eat large amounts of fish."

The use of mercury in gold mining goes back thousands of years. The Romans forced slaves and criminals to extract gold and silver with mercury.

By the 20th century, mining companies had abandoned mercury in favor of chemicals like cyanide. But small-scale miners like it because it's easy to use, fast, cheap and leaves the gold cleaner than traditional panning.

"The miner cannot be separated from the mercury," said Achmad, the gold shop owner, who has campaigned to persuade miners to use less mercury. "With mercury, it makes the work fast."

Traders once relied on mercury from Spain, Algeria, China and Kyrgyzstan, but most mines are now shut and China only supplies its own market. So mercury comes from the leftover stockpiles of shuttered mines or the dozens of companies in Europe and the United States that recycle the metal from old light bulbs, batteries or industrial waste, according to the U.N. and the Zero Mercury Working Group.

Flasks of mercury worth hundreds of dollars are sold into an opaque and largely unregulated network of brokers who crisscross the globe, according to Peter Maxson, a Brussels-based expert on the trade. They divert mercury supplied for legal purposes to the gold mines instead, where it can fetch prices 10 times higher than on the global market, he said.

"Countries import several hundred times the mercury they need for dental and other legal uses," said Pablo Huidobro, project manager for the U.N. Industrial Development Organization's Global Mercury Project. "The excess makes its way to the miners through the black market."

Maxson and other experts said it can be almost impossible to track the liquid metal as it passes through brokers and even criminal gangs on its way to a gold mine. A flask of mercury can originate in Spain, be sold to brokers in India, go on to popular transit points like Singapore or Vietnam and then get dumped in Indonesia.

The United States alone exported nearly 498 tons of mercury in 2007, up from 378 tons in 2006. It mostly was sent to Canada, Suriname, Hong Kong and Mexico, according to the U.S. Geological Survey.

"The whole trade has gone underground in the last five to 10 years. It's very secretive," Maxson said. "The companies dealing mercury won't tell you who their customers or even who the end users are."

Experts in the trade say D.F.G. Mercury Corp. and Bethlehem Apparatus are among the top suppliers of mercury worldwide. Robert Goldsmith, president of D.F.G. Mercury Corp. of Evanston, Ill., said he sells his mercury domestically but acknowledged it can be difficult to determine what happens to it. Bruce Lawrence, president of Bethlehem Apparatus in Hellertown, Pa., declined to discuss the trade. On its Web site, Bethlehem describes itself as a global supplier of prime virgin and high purity mercury.

Mercury traders say it's unfair to blame them for what happens at gold mining sites.

"If people don't want mercury to be used in artisanal gold mining areas, particularly in China, Indonesia and Souh America, then they should stop importing it," said Howard Masters, the managing director of Lambert Metals International, a British company that sells 25,000 to 30,000 flasks of mercury yearly worldwide.

"It is up to the governments themselves, as all imports into these countries are only allowable undr license," he said. "But don't stop genuine consumption of mercury around the world, where it has very good uses and is not an environmental problem when used correctly."

Marc Claushuis, director of the Dutch firm Claushuis Metals, which sells 200 tons of mercury each year to Latin America, Africa andEurope, expressed frustration over his inability to control its use.

"Of course, I feel unhappy ... You send your end product to countries where you know it gets a lot of pollution," he said. "There is not so much you can do."

Once in Indonesia, mercury is trafficked through chemical shops in big ities like Surabaya or Jakarta and transported to mine sites in energy drink and vitamin bottles to avoid detection. It ends up beind the counters of gold shops in Central Kalimantan, Papua and North Sulawesi.

Indonesia periodically tears down illegal gold mining camps and slapped a ban on mercury use in mining three years ago, but mercury prices then doubled. Irwanto Thomas, a government environmental official in Central Kalimantan,acknowledged that mercury is widely used and will remain so until miners have better opportunities.

"They ask what job we can provide them," Thomas said. "Until now, the government has not provided them with an answer."

The dusty main street of the Indonesian gold mining town of Kerengpang is lined with dozens of gold shops. It takes only a gentle inquiry to send a shop owner scurrying to a back room for the mercury.

"Sometimes, I sell mercury to the miners or just give it to them for free," said gold shop owner Rachmadi, who also trades gold for mercury.

Mercury is easily found at mst mining sites worldwide. In Africa, miners buy it in small plastic bags stored in Tupperware containers or Vitamin C tubes. In Peru, it is sold in dental shops.

In gold mines, as much as one to three grams of mercury are lost for every gram of gold produced. But mercury is a slow and silent killer, so miners scoff at health concerns. They recall how they breathed mercury fumes or handled the toxic liquid for years with no problems. Some Indonesian miners have even smeared mercury on their skin in the belief it will make them stronger, according to a U.N. report.

"Sometimes the gold and mercury gets into my mouth," said Sumardianto, a jovial 36-year-old miner who has dug for gold in Central Kalimantan since 1996 and lives in a tented camp with his wife. "I'm OK. I don't have any illnesses. I don't worry about using mercury."

Numbers of people killed or disabled by mercury are impossible to nail down, experts say. But tests on miners in Indonesia, the Philippines, Colombia, Guyana, Zimbabwe, Tanzania and Brazil found mercury levels up to 50 times above World Health Organization limits, according to a 2006 U.N. report. Symptoms such as reduced motor skills, fatigue and weight loss are routine at mining sites, the U.N. said. Gold shop owners also breathe the mercury vapor they burn off.

The U.N. has spent $7 million in six countries, including Indonesia, to educate miners and gold shops about mercury. The European Union agreed earlier this year to ban mercury exports from 2011. And President George W. Bush signed a bill in October sponsored by Sen. Barack Obama, now president-elect, that bans all elemental mercury exports by 2013.

Mercury recyclers argued that bans would promote the mining of more mercury and shift the export trade from Western countries to developing nations like India.

Already, 83 percent of mercury in the U.S. is believed to come from abroad, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and 44 states have issued health advisories about eating contaminated fish.

"What is motivating governments at the highest level is a strong recognition that mercury is a global pollutant," said Kevin Telmer, an expert on small-scale mining at the University of Victoria in Canada. "It's clear that small-scale mining is adding to the global mercury problem."

Associated Press writers Irwan Firdaus in Jakarta, Jorge Sainz in Madrid and Rukmini Callimachi in Dakar, Senegal, contributed to this report.

Source:Michael Casey , The Jakarta Post , Kerengpangi, Kalimantan | Mon, 01/12/2009 12:33 PM | National

On the Net:
Zero Mercury Global Campaign: http://www.zeromercury.org/
Global Mercury Project: http://www.globalmercuryproject.org/

Gold Production Down By 50% in Indonesia

2009-01-09T04:42:00.000-08:00

Most of the mining production for the year 2008 Indonesia experienced a decline caused by a number of factors. Production of copper, gold and silver declined in the year 2008. This is, because of a landslide at PT Freeport Indonesia. Other factors that is not obtaining the permission of land use and loans by PT NNT (Newmont Nusa Tenggara). Throughout the 2008 production of copper declined from 797.40 thousand tons in 2007 to be 580.95 thousand tons. For gold production in 2007 is 117.73 tons 57.94 a ton or more than 50%. Meanwhile, silver 269.38 tons in 2007 to be 209.06 tons this year.

In addition to the three commodities, the production of bauxite and tin also decreased. The decline is caused decrease bauxite production in some power Mining (KP) outside the PT Aneka Tambang (Antam). Lead production while also going down because of declining production due to PT Koba Tin mining-related cases of illegal production and decreasing PT Timah and KP Smelter. Similarly, the bauxite production in this year reached 14,986.52 thousand tons in 2007 down compared to the thousands of tons of 15.406.04. Lead production decreased to 91.28 from 79.21 thousand tons a thousand tons. However, production of nickel ore and iron ore increased in 2008 due to the increase in the number of KP production. For nickel ore increased from 6623.02 thousand tons into 14,986.52 thousand tons. Meanwhile, iron ore rose from 1,894,757.98 tons in 2007 to become 4,609,540.54 tons in 2008.

The list of mining companies in Coal Indonesia 2008 Exhibition

2008-12-20T07:14:00.000-08:00

Armindo Caturpratama, PT
Industry: Manufacturing
Business: Steel Products
Product ⁄ Service: Corrugated Steel, Tower, Hot Dip Galvanized
CONTACT
Jl. Raya Gunung Putri Km. 8, Cibinong
Bogor 16961 — Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 867 1031
Fax: +62 21 867 1033
Email: marketing@armindocp.co.id
Website: www.armindocp.co.id
PROFILE
Already since + 60 Years ago, the Baja surging forward and continue to be developed rapidly overcome the complexity and high cost of concrete construction. Quality of raw materials with reliable protection galvanize result of the same age with concrete. Ease and speed implementation, Baja surge has made the economic value of the maximum. Dimension products available from various type have been used in the projects, among others, Roads, Mining Petroleum, Plantation, and Housing. Leigh in the industry, West Java, 30 km from Jakarta, Armindo Caturpratama establish the factory with an area + 20 Ha. capacities production by 20,000 tons per year. the form of Corrugated Steel, Steel Tower, Bridge (Bridge Framework Baja) and Hot Dip Galvanizing.

Bando Indonesia, PT
Industry: Manufacturing
Business: Material Handling
Product ⁄ Services: Conveyor Belts, Power Transmission Belts, Rubber Lining & Rubber Lagging
Brand: Bando Conveyor Belt, Bando Transmission Belts (V–Belts)
CONTACT
Wisma Hayam Wuruk 6th Floor Suite 600
Jl. Hayam Wuruk No. 8
Jakarta 10120 — Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 351 7590
Fax: +62-21 351 7591
Email:conveyor.div@bandoindonesia.com, budi@bandoindonesia.com, budisetiawan@bandoindonesia.com
Website: www.bandoindonesia.com
PROFILE
PT BANDO INDONESIA, located in Tangerang-Banten, is ja oint venture business between Gajah Tunggal Group represented by PT Kembar Madya Utama with Bando Chemiclas Industry Japan with core business to produce high quality conveyor belt and transmission manufacturer according to PTBI's goal to be "The number one and reliable partner in Conveyor and Transmission Belt"

Berau Coal
Industy: Mining & Exploration
Business: Coal Mining
Product ⁄ Service: Coal
CONTACT
Head Office
Jl. Pemuda No. 40
Tanjung Redeb 77311
Berau, East Kalimantan – Indonesia
Phone: +62 554 23400
Fax: +62 554 23465
Jakarta Office
Menara Karya Building 11th Floor
Jl. HR Rasuna Said Block X–5 Kav. 01–02
Jakarta 12950 – Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 5794 4615
Fax: +62 21 5794 4625
Email: info@beraucoal.co.id
Website: www.beraucoal.co.id
PROFILE
PT Berau Coal was established in 1983 and is a firs generation Coal Contractor. It produces coal in Berau area of East Kalimantan within the concession awarded to the company under the Coal Development Cooperation Contract system established by the government of Indonesia.
PT Berau coal is a join venture between PT Armadian Tritunggal (51%), Rognar Holding BV (39%), a Netherlands company and Sojitz Corp. (10%), a Japanese company.

Bretby Gammatech Ltd.
Industry: Manufacturing
Business: Analytical Laboratory
Product ⁄ Service: Coal Quality Monitoring Products and Services
Brand: Bretby Gammatech
CONTACT
Unit 4 Station Yard
Station Road
Melbourne, Derbyshire DE73 8HJ — United Kingdom
Phone: +44 (0) 1332 694594
Fax: +44 (0) 1332 865860
Email: paul@bretbygammatech.com
Website: www.bretbygammatech.com
PROFILE
Bretby Gammatech Ltd was form back in May 1994 as a result of a privatisation of British Coal's coal quality monitoring team. Prior to May 1994 all our directors worked for British Coal. During the 1980's was successfully developed the Ram Feed Coal Quality Monitor (RFCQM) (now obsolete but still in everyday operation at two collieries) and the Natural Gamma Coal Quality Monitor (NGCQM), now improved and rebranded as the Ash Eye. From about 1988 on, we installed many of these monitors in the UK coal mines. Upon the privatisation of the British Coal collieries the installed base was such that a service company was required to maintain the monitors. Bretby Gammatech was formed to fill that market need.

Britmindo, PT
Industry: Service Provider
Business: Mining Consulting
Product ⁄ Services: Technical Services, Mine Management, Exploration
CONTACT
Jl. Kemang Timur Raya No. 60–A
Jakarta 12730 – Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 719 7116
Fax: +62 21 719 2103
Email: bm_jakarta@britmindo.com
Website: www.britmindo.com
PROFILE
Britmindo is an established coal mining services company that possesses a wealth of local and international experience. Britmindo can provide high quality professional services to develop operating mines from grass roots and use their skills to minimise operating costs with innovative mining options and efficiency controls.

Britmindo provides services covering exploration, geological modelling and resource reserve estimates to JORC standard, Mine Management, Operational Improvements, Technical Studies and Due Diligence for international and local mining companies, contractors, investors and financiers.

Britmindo's current manpower consists more than 70 highly quailed and experienced Indonesian geologists, mining engineers and professional staff.

Bumi Ban Mandiri, PT
Industry: Distribution
Business: Heavy Equipment & Machinery
Product ⁄ Service: Tyres
Brand: MRF, BKT, Tokai
CONTACT
Komp. Puri Mutiara Blok A No. 33, Sunter Griya
Jakarta 14350 – Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 6531 0782-84
Fax: +62 21 6531 0785
Email: inquiry@bumibanmandiri.com
Website: www.bumibanmandiri.com
PROFILE
PT BUMI BAN MANDIRI sales tyres From Light Truck , Truck , Agri , Industrial , OTR ,Golf Tyres Origin From Local , India , Thailand , China , etc

Carsurin
Industry: Service Provider
Business: Surveying & Mapping
Product ⁄ Service: Commodities Inspection, Geological & Culsulting Services, Laboratory Testing & Analysis.
CONTACT
Jamkrindo Building 7th Floor
Jl. Angkasa Blok B–9 Kav. 6, Kemayoran
Jakarta 10720 – Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 654 0425, 654 0375
Fax: +62 21 654 0418
Email: marketing@carsurin.com
Website: www.carsurin.com
PROFILE
"CARSURIN 1968 - Professional Surveyor with Quality and Integrity.
Indonesia's Leading Private Inspection Company, Marine surveying and Consultancy Company. Ten branches and six laboratories in Indonesia. CARSURIN services include Coal & Mineral Laboratory Testing, Geological Survey, Exploration and Drilling services, Quantity & Quality Survey in Minesite, Stockpile, Pre-Shipment, Loading & Discharging of Shipment. CARSURIN is your most trusted Indonesian surveyor ensuring that you are protected and surveys and analysis are conducted in a professional manner with integrity!

Eksplo Magazine
Industry: Coal Support Industry
Business: Media
Product ⁄ Service: Magazine
Brand: Explo Magazine
CONTACT
Jl. Pemuda No. 34
Jakarta 13220 – Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 470 6233
Fax: +62 21 470 6354
Email: yudow@jurnas.com
PROFILE
Eksplo is a media as an energy business barometer and mining.

Eonchemicals Putra, PT
Industry: Manufacturing
Business: Maintenance Chemicals
Product ⁄ Service: Dust Suppressant, Hydraulic Seeding, Rim Conditioner
Brand: Eondust 572, Eonsoil 300, Eonrim 775
CONTACT

Gedung Gadjah Unit Z
Jl. Dr. Sahardjo No. 111, Tebet
Jakarta 12810 – Indoensia

Phone: +62 21 830 8226
Fax: +62 21 830 8711, 8303323
Email: agusjubaidi@eonchemicals.com, customer.voice@eonchemicals.com
Website: www.eonchemicals.com
PROFILE

Founded in 1987, Eonchemicals is one of the first Indonesian companies that pioneered local research and development, manufacturing, marketing, and technical service for specialty chemicals. Through the years, we have developed the expertise of our people. We excel and are committed to provide on-site technical service and problem solving.

Through the years, we have served and supported various heavy industries in Indonesia. Some of them are the oil & gas industry, steel plants, pipe manufacturers, petrochemical plants, power generation plants, pulp and paper industry, wood industry and mining industry.

G4S Security Services, PT
Industry: Coal Support Industry
Business: Security Provider
Product ⁄ Service: Security Services, Electronic Systems, Cash Management
Brand: G4S
CONTACT
Cilandak Commercial Estate Unit 407
Jl. Cilandak Raya KKO
Jakarta 12560 – Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 7883 6107
Fax: +62 21 7883 6108
Email: info@id.g4s.com
Website: www.g4s.com
PROFILE
G4S plc is the world largest international security solutions company, with headquarters in London and listings on the London and Copenhagen stock exchanges. G4S operates in more than 150 countries on six continents and employs over 570,000 people. In Indonesia, G4S is the market leader, employing over 10,000 employees throughout the archipelago, from Aceh to Papua. Mixing international experience with local knowledge, G4S has a proven capability to design, deliver and maintain security services that meet the unique requirements of its clients. Under the G4S Indonesia umbrella, there are PT G4S Security Services (Manned Security Services, Electronic Security Services), PT G4S Cash Services (Valuable Transportation, Vaulting and Cash Processing) and PT G4S Euronet Indonesia – Electronic Transaction Procession and End to End ATM Services.

Gates Rubber Company (S) Pte Ltd
Industry: Manufacturing
Business: Power Transmission – Fluid Power
Product ⁄ Service: Hydraulic & Industrial Hose, Tube Fittings, Tube Clamps
Brand: Gates, RMB, RSB
CONTACT
Ariobimo Central 4th Floor
Jl. HR Rasuna Said Kav. X–2
Jakarta 12959 – Indonesia

Phone: +62 21 707 55760
Fax: +62 21 736 2254
Email: brahardjo@gates.com
Website: www.gates.com
PROFILE
Gates was founded by Charles Gates, Sr. when he bought The Colorado Tire and Leather Company in 1911. From this modest beginning, The Gates Rubber Company has grown into one of the world’s largest manufacturers of industrial and automotive belts and hoses, plus a range of related products. Gates is a subsidiary of the British Industrial Management Company Tomkins PLC. with its World headquarters located in Denver, Colorado, and publicly traded on the London & New York stock exchanges.

Today Gates is known as the most trusted name in hose and hydraulics.
Globecon Indonesia, PT
Industry: Service Provider
Business: Mining Software
Product ⁄ Service: Gemcom mining software, Training schedules, Consulting Services
Brand: Gemcom Surpac, Gemcom Minex, Minesched and Whittle
CONTACT
Jl. Gereja No. 6, Cilandak Barat
Jakarta 12430 – Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 7590 6655
Fax: +62 21 7590 7001
Email: globecon@globecon.co.id
Website: www.globecon.co.id
PROFILE
Founded in 1995, Pt Globecon Indonesia provides range of Consulting Services, including resource development and mine planning to Local and Multinational corporations doing business in Indonesia.
Our management team consists of a balanced mix of expatriate and Indonesian professionals supported by the expertise from Gemcom worldwide network of professional consultants.
Globecon Indonesia proudly market and support Gemcom Software products in Indonesia. Gemcom Surpac, Gemcom Minex, Gemcom MineSched and Gemcom Whittle..

Indonesian Coal Mining Association
Industry: Coal Support Industy
Business: Association
CONTACT
Menara Kuningan 1st Floor
Jl. HR Rasuna Said Blok X–7 Kav. 5
Jakarta 12940 – Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 3001 5935
Fax: +62 21 3001 5936
Email: apbi-icma@indo.net.id
Website: apbi–icma.com
PROFILE
Founded on 29th November 1989 as to response to the challenges of the coal mining industry in Indonesia.

The APBI-ICMA is a non governmental, non profit and non political organization that embraces both upstream (exploration and exploitation) and downstream (marketing the distribution and utilization) aspects of coal industry in Indonesia.
The association aims at creating an environment for its members to discuss common concern, exchange ideas and works towards a common goal for the coal mining industry.
The APBI-ICMA also acts as a partner to relevant government institutions and provides the industry’s views on how to encourage a favourable environment for investment and competition.
The APBI-ICMA works collaboratively with all stakeholders to enhance investment in hence the economic health of the coal mining industry to deliver greater benefits to government, investors, communities, employees, customers and the environment.
VISION

The vision of APBI-ICMA consists of
To set a standard of excellence in every undertaking of coal mining.
To lead coal industry to new levels of productivity, safety, prominence and social responsibility and environmental consciousness.
MISSION
The mission of APBI-ICMA includes
To promote coal production and utilization.
To address the challenges and opportunities affecting coal’s present and future.
To effectively serve as coal’s advocate.
To accommodate and to serve the needs, desires and aspirations of membership.
To encourage a favourable environment for investment and competition.
MEMBERSHIP COAL PRODUCER COMPANIES
Adaro Indonesia, PT
Allied Indo Coal, PT
Antang Gunung Meratus, PT
Anugerah Bara Kaltim, PT
Arutmin Indonesia, PT
Astaka Dodol, PT
Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku, PT
Bangun Banua Persada Kalimantan, PT
Baradinamika Mudasukses, PT
Baramutiara Prima, PT
Berau Coal, PT
Bharinto Ekatama, PT
Binamitra Sumberarta, PT
Borneo Indobara, PT
Bukit Baiduri Energi, PT
Bukit Sunur, PT
Danau Mas Hitam, PT
Energy Cahaya Industri, PT
Fajar Bumi Sakti, PT
Gunung Bayan Pratama Coal, PT
Indominco Mandiri, PT
Indomineratama Prayasa, PT
Interex Sacra Raya, PT
Intitirta Primasakti, PT
Jorong Barutama Greston, PT
Juloi Coal, PT
Kalimantan Energi Lestari, PT
Kaltim Prima Coal, PT
Kartika Selabumi Mining, PT
Kideco Jaya Agung, PT
Kitadin, PT
Lanna Harita Indonesia, PT
Mahakam Sumber Jaya, PT
Mandiri Inti Perkasa, PT
Manunggal Inti Artamas, PT
Media Djaya Bersama, PT
Multi Harapan Utama, PT
Padangbara Sukses Makmur, PT
Perkasa Inakakerta, PT
Pipit Mutiara Jaya, PT
Riau Bara Harum, PT
Sari Andara Persada, PT
Satui Baratama, PT
Singlurus Pratama, PT
Sumber Kurnia Buana, PT
Swadaya Hutani Alam, PT
Tambang Batubara Bukit Asam (Persero), PT
Tanito Harum, PT
Tekno Orbit Persada, PT
Telen Eco Coal, PT
Timah Investasi Mineral, PT
MINING SERVICE COMPANIES
Adani Global, PT
Andalan Tiga Berjaya, PT
BHP Billiton Indonesia, PT
Britmindo, PT
Coalindo Energy, PT
Dahana, PT
Gaswara International, PT
Leighton Contractors Indonesia, PT
Roda Nusantara, PT
Servo Buana Resurces, PT
Superintending Company of Indonesia - SUCOFINDO (Persero), PT
Thiess Contractors Indonesia, PT

ITS Indonesia
Industry: Distribution
Business: Analytical Laboratory
Product ⁄ Service: Ash Probe (ash measurement in coal); Crusher ⁄ Milling ⁄ Sieving; Furnace
Brand: Bretby Gammatech, Retsch, Nabertherm
CONTACT

Jl. Bukit Gading Raya Blok D No. 9, Kelapa Gading
Jakarta 14240 — Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 451 6222
Fax: +62 21 451 6223
Email: info@its–indonesia.com, syahril@its–indonesia.com
Website: www.its–indonesia.com
PROFILE
ITS Indonesia, a member of ITS Group, is a leading distributor of scientific equipment in Indonesia, with sister companies in Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippine and China.
ITS represents and distributes a full range of scientific equipment & biochemicals from manufacturers in US, Europe and Asia who are established brand leaders in their respective fields.
Our products and services are divided into specialised divisions to provide the focus in the respective market sectors. They are the Material Science, Analytical, Mining, Life Science, General Equipment, Dealers, Service & Repair as well as Biohazard Containment Consultancy divisions.

Majalah Equipment News
Industry: Coal Support Industry
Busines: Media
Product ⁄ Service: Magazine
Brand: Equipment News
CONTACT
Jl. Danau Belajan No. 109, Bendungan Hilir
Jakarta 12120
Phone: +62 21 573 6277, 9827 4913
Fax: +62 21 573 6277
Email: equip_news@yahoo.com
PROFILE
EQUIPMENT NEWS magazine has been a unique publication in Indonesia as reflection of trend in media business recently to be more specialist. We serve a very specific market in responding the need of the readers for heavy equipment, tucks and multi machine in field of mining, construction, and other related industry. In more specific our readers are:
Indonesia Heavy Equipment Community
1. Sole agent for brand holder/heavy equipment distributors which organized in Indonesia Heavy Equipment Association (PAABI)
2. Heavy Equipment Producers Association as well as multi machine producers under HINABI
3. Rental Companies for heavy equipment, trucks, multi machine, which organized under Asosiasi Pengusaha Alat Berat dan Konstruksi Indonesia (APPAKSI)
4. Association of Indonesia Truck Importers (GAIKINDO)
5. Sole agent/distributor for multi machine (compressor, generator as well as tools)
6. Recondition companies for heavy equipment, trucks and multi machine (APARATI)
7. Spare parts suppliers, workshop companies for heavy equipment, trucks and multi machine.
Construction Companies
Construction contractors as well as infrastructure contractors under AKI and GAPENSI
Mining contractors under Indonesia Mining Association (IMA)
Contractors in field of agribusiness (Agriculture and Forestry)
Electricity contractors (AKLI)
Related Association
National Consultant Association (INKINDO)
National Automotive Technician Association (IATO)
Supporting Industries
Banking industries
Leasing Companies
Insurance Companies
Training Centers
Related Government Sector

Majalah Tambang
Industry: Coal Support Industry
Business: Media
Product ⁄ Service: Magazine, Conference, Training
Brand: Majalah Tambang
CONTACT
Wisma Eka Karma
Jl. Kapten Tendean No. 15
Jakarta – Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 799 8823
Fax: +62 21 799 2616
Email: iklan@majalahtambang.com
Website: www.majalahtambang.com

McElhanney Indonesia, PT
Industry: Service Provider
Business: Engineering ⁄ Surveying Consulting
Product ⁄ Service: Surveying & Mapping, Remote Sensing, GIS
CONTACT
Jl. Erlangga IV No. 12
Jakarta 12110 – Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 720 4204
Fax: +62 21 722 1641
Email: ptmi@mcelhanney.com
Website: www.mcelhanney.com
PROFILE
Established in 1910, McElhanney is a Canadian consulting firm with over 70 years of experience working in Asia. The Company provides services in Engineering, Surveying, GIS, LiDAR, Digital Mapping, Orthophoto, Satellite Image acquisition and processing, Community Planning/Developing.

Multi Cipta Spasia, PT
Industry: Service Provider
Business: Surveying & Mapping – Spatial Analysis, Satellite Data Provider, Training
Product ⁄ Service: Map, Sattelite Data
CONTACT
Biotrop Building
Jl. Raya Tajur Km. 6
Bogor 16720 – Indonesia
Phone: +62 251 833 5236
Fax: +62 251 833 5236
Email: info@multiciptaspasia.com
Website: www.multiciptaspasia.com
PROFILE
Kami merupakan Perusahaan profesional yang bergerak dibidang Spasial Analisis, Provider Data Satelit dan Pemetaan untuk bidang pertambangan. Didukung oleh tenaga-tenaga profesional dan handal dibidang GIS, Remote Sensing dan Geologi, PT. Multi Cipta Spasia siap membantu anda dalam bidang spasial analisis untuk aplikasi pertambangan.

Multi Nitrotama Kimia, PT
Industry: Manufacturing
Business: Drilling & Blasting
Product ⁄ Service: Explosive Services
CONTACT
Menara Kebon Sirih 20th Floor
Jl. Kebon Sirih No. 17–19
Jakarta 10340 – Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 3983 6520
Fax: +62 21 3983 6521, 3983 6522
Email: ronny@mnk.co.id
Website: www.mnk.co.id
PROFILE
There are only seven players in commercial explosive material industry in Indonesia. Multi Nitrotama Kimia is the largest and the leading local company in the industry producing Nitric Acid and Amonium Nitrat and providing explosive services. There are three parties act as MNK Founders: PT. Ancora Mining Serviced (40%), PT Pupuk Kujang (30%), PT. yayasan Dakab (40%).

Palawi Environtmental Services
Industry: Service Provider
Business: Mine Closure & Reclamation
Product ⁄ Service: Environmental Services
CONTACT
Jl. Warung Buncit Raya No. 4–A
Jakarta 12740 – Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 791 930 80
Fax: +62 21 794 2793
Email: msdiono@yahoo.com

Petrominer Magazine
Industry: Coal Support Industry
Business: Media
Product ⁄ Service: Magazine
Brand: Petrominer Magazine
CONTACT
Tanjung Mas Raya Office Complex B1 ⁄ 14
Jl. Raya Tanjung Barat
Jakarta 12530 – Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 780 3230, 780 3231
Fax: +62 21 780 3229
Email: e_amalia@petrominer.co.id
Website: www.petrominer.co.id
PROFILE
PETROMINER magazine has been published since 1973 in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is only three-in-one magazine in English covering the Oil & Gas, General Mining and Energy Industries. It also publishes the latest government policies and regulations, PETROMINER information, fact and figures are based on authentic and reliable sources and so maintain a high degree of dependability.

Roberts & Schaefer Company
Industry: Service Provider
Business: Engineering & Contracting
CONTACT
222 South Riverside Plaza, Level 18
Chicago
Illinois – USA 60606/3968
Phone: 1-312-236-7292
Fax: 1-312-726-2872
Email: info@r-s.com
Website: www.r-s.com
PROFILE
Roberts & Schaefer serves a large variety of industries : coal, utilities, minerals, aggregates, cement, precious metals, agriculture, environmental remediation, aerospace and transportation.

Roberts Schaefer Soros Indonesia, PT
Industry: Service Provider
Business: Engineering & Contractor
CONTACT
S Widjojo Centre, 7th Floor
Jl. Jendral Sudirman 71
Jakarta 12190 – Indonesia
Phone: +62-21-252 4177
Fax: 62-21-252 4138
Email: info@r-s.com
Website: www.r-s.com

Shijiazhuang ZhongMei Coal Mine Equipment Co,. Ltd.
Industry: Manufacturing
Business: Drilling & Blasting
Product ⁄ Service: Road Header, Rock Drill, Drill Rig
Brand: JK
CONTACT
No. 89 Huanghe Road
National Hi-Tech Zone
Shijiazhuang
He Bei –China 050035
Phone: +86 311 8532 3557
Fax: +86 311 8532 3559
Email: alexyang@jikai.net
Website: www.jikai.net
PROFILE
Our company is one of the leading companies engaging in designing and manufacturing coal mining equipments. The main products consist of: road header, scraper conveyer, pumps, rock drill, drill tools and etc.

Stamford Tyres
Industry: Distribution
Business: Tyres & Wheels
Product ⁄ Service: Off Road Radial Tyres, OTR Tyres, Bias and Radial Tyres
Brand: Sumo Firenza, Sumo Tire, Double Coin, Falken, Continental, Nexen, DRC
CONTACT
Jl. Boulevard Raya PA 19 No. 4–5
Kelapa Gading Permai
Jakarta 14240 – Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 4504388
Fax: +62 21 450 4384
Email: ptstdi@stamfordtyres.com
Website: www.stamfordtyres.com
PROFILE
Stamford Tyres are a global distributor and retailer of full range of tyres and wheels. We presently have operations in more than 30 country (south east asia, china, hongkong, india, europe, usa & latin america) this system links our main headquaters in Singapore.

Sucofindo
Industry: Service Provider
Business: Engineering & Contracting
Product ⁄ Service: Inspection, Supervision, Assessment & Testing
CONTACT
Jl. Raya Pasar Minggu Kav. 34
Jakarta 12780 – Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 798 3666 Ext. 1046
Fax: +62 21 798 6895
Email: customer.service@sucofindo.co.id
Website: www.sucofindo.co.id
PROFILE

SUCOFINDO established on October 22nd 1956, as the first inspection and survey company in Indonesia. To develop its business, SUCOFINDO supported by 57 service points (Branches, Sub-Branches, Sites) and 16 Laboratories which are spread in 31 provinces in Indonesia; integrated systems and services which are supported by 2806 experts and professionals employee; national and international networks as well as its strategic business alliances with several international inspection institutions. It is actually SUCOFINDO’s mission: to facilitate trade, investment & industry in mitigating risk by ensuring compliance with standards, laws and regulations
Suryamas Indopersada, PT

Industry: Distribution
Business: Surveying & Mapping
Category: Surveying Instruments
Product ⁄ Service: Theodolite, Total Station
Brand: Kolida, Horizon, Sokkia
CONTACT
Jl. Beringin No. 31 B
Jakarta 11430 – Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 569 74011, 569 74012
Fax: +62 21 569 74271
Email: surveysuryamas@gmail.com
Website: www.surveysuryamas.com
PROFILE
Founded in year 2000, PT Suryamas Indopersada focusses on supplying branded surveying instruments to the market. We provide SALES, RENTAL and SERVICE to meet all your needs.
• SALES with competitive price and full of after sales service back up.
• RENTAL using instruments from the latest models and provide quick-exchange system to guarantee your progress in the field.
• SERVICE with certification, backed up by fully trained technicians and fully equipped workshop.

Our motto is Fast-Accurate-Inexpensive-Reliable. ( F A I R ).

Tekmira
Industry: Coal Support Industry
Business: Research & Development Product ⁄ Service: Cyclo Burner, UBC Demo Plant, Dapur Briket Batubara
CONTACT
Jl. Jend. Sudirman No. 623
Bandung 40211 – Indonesia

Phone: +62 22 603 0483
Fax: +62 21 600 3373
Email: info@tekmira.esdm.go.id
Website: www.tekmira.esdm.go.id
PROFILE
tekMIRA is a government institution under the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, which focus on R & D & minerals, coal. tekMIRA has built 2 Pilot Plant Center, namely the Minerals & Coal Center. Some products are litbang: Upgraded Brown Coal, Cyclo burner, Kitchen Briket Coal, Cement Posolan and many more. In addition tekMIRA also serve the laboratory testing services and has implemented a quality management system in accordance with standard ISO / IEC 17025:2005 since 1999.

Terra Factor Indonesia, PT
Industry: Service Provider
Business: Heavy Equipment & Machinery
Product ⁄ Service: Material Handling, Hauling & Transportation, Equipment Rental Solution
Brand: Volvo Construction Equipment, Renault Trucks, Ingersoll Rand
CONTACT

Rukan Nusantara Blok A1 ⁄ 15
Jl. Danau Sunter Barat, Sunter
Jakarta 14350 – Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 658 33400
Fax: +62 21 653 01400
Website: www.terrafactor.com
PROFILE
We Provide Equipment Rental Solution. Capable of Being Personalized To Your Needs.

Trikarsa Indoinstrument Integritas, PT
Industry: Distribution
Business: Analytical Laboratory
Product ⁄ Service: Automatic Bomb Calorimeter, Hot Plate Strirrer + Mixer, Heating & Cooling Circulator, Water Baths + Shaking Water Baths
Brand: IKA, Julabo
CONTACT
Jl. Pondasi No. 49
Jakarta 13210 – Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 475 5877, 478 64918
Fax: +62 21 475 5881
Email: pttrikarsa@cbn.net.id
Website: www.trikarsa.co.id
PROFILE
PT. Trikarsa Indoinstrument was established in July, 7 1997. Our line of business is supplier of Laboratory Equipments that provides a ready stock inventory for some various items, recently we are representing some well known brands such as : JULABO - Germany (Heating & Cooling Circulators, Calibration baths, Static & Shaking Water Baths, etc), IKA - Germany (Automatic Bomb Calorimeter, Hot Plate Stirrers, Mixer, Homogenizers, Shakers, Rotary Evaporators & Process Equipments). We are deal with industrial sectors (Coal Mining, Cement Plant, chemical, Pharmaceutical, Cosmetics and Others), Government Institutions (Dept. of Energy, Dept. of Agriculture, BPPT and others).

Yonming Indonesia, PT
Industry: Distribution
Business: Heavy Equipment & Machinery
Product ⁄ Service: Spare Part
Brand: Volvo, Sabo, Wabco
CONTACT
Jl. Boulevard Sentra Bisnis Artha Gading
Blok A6A No. 12, Kelapa Gading
Jakarta 12420 – Indonesia
Phone: +62 21 4587 4554
Fax: +62 21 4587 4573
Email: kaucm_jb@yonming.com
Website: www.yonming.com
PROFILE
PT. YONMING INDONESIA s a group of Yonming Industrial & Auto Parts Sdn. Bhd.. We are a distributor of spare parts for trucks, buses and Asia Pacific. With the slogan Yonming Parner In your Transportation. Superior in quality, quick and services. Yonming Indonesia is ready to serve your needs.

Indonesian Coal Index guidelines so the price

2008-12-20T01:48:00.000-08:00

The Government has set English Coal Index (ICI) as a guide price for the Work Plan and Budget (RKAB) 2009, which will affect the revenue projections in the Budget from the coalmine. The ordinance was based government has sent a letter to the government and producers of coal, which recorded by the government on June 23 last. RKAP associated with the revenues from commodities of coal likely to be the starting November. Director General of Mineral, Coal, Department of Earth and Hot ESDM Bambang Setiawan said the government will make ICI as a guide price in RKAB. During this, he said, the government always refers to the price index, which formed overseas, such as Barlow Jonker and the other. "We want to ICI was used as a benchmark price for a single coal Indonesia. With the index, the government has in the monitor reference revenues from this sector," he said yesterday. However, Bambang said the government wanted the final price closer to reality. The government will evaluate and provide input on the method and also the composition of the panel that there is at this time. "From the composition may need some additions, which in part will be that we will discuss. The goal is how the price is set to become better and more real, so credibility is no longer in question." Meanwhile, the minister of regulations related to the coal price guidelines for domestic purposes, he explained that the government will issue regulations two ministers (candy) associated with it. Candy first will contain a formula price of coal and the second is about the amount of the obligation of supply respective domestic producers

Domestic Coal Demand Still Low

Indonesia's coal production increased continuously. World coal market also continues to twist, especially in the increasing price of oil at this time, many who set the coal industry as a replacement for the main oil as cement, textiles, etc.. In fact the current price of coal also continue to rise in line with the price of oil. When oil prices yesterday has touched 110 USD per barrel, the coal price also reached USD 135 per ton this time, as a new record in the price of coal. Estimated price is still fluctuating. This is a big advantage coal era, but the players on the other hand, consumers with a loud scream. One thing that is ironic that in the midst of increasing the production of coal, from year to year for consumption in the country able to absorb only 25-30% of the total production, for example, in 2006 coal production:193 million tons, while that was absorbed by domestic 52 million tons only. This also is a big progress because 10 years ago domestic consumption is still only 15.4 million tons of total production in 1998 the year of 61.3 million tons. This means that within 10 years of our national production rose more than 300% so domestic consumption too.

Domestic demand for coal in the Future

In the Blue Print National Energy Development (BPEN) Education and 5 years old, 2005 on the National Energy Policy, the contribution of coal in the energy mixture will continue and increase in the peak year 2025 was 33% more or less equivalent to 370 million tons. Government in the interest of their concern is the growth of domestic demand for coal, the evidence in the projections prepared until the year 2025, starting 2009, the export of coal is assumed to be only about 150 million tons only in the flat until the year 2025, and the rest for domestic purposes. The government is basically their concern against the interests of domestic coal demand growth; the evidence in the projections prepared until the year 2025, starting 2009, and the export of coal is assumed to be only about 150 million tons only in the flat until the year 2025, and the rest for domestic purposes. In this regard, many are asking whether this means that the Government set the policy of export restrictions. On this matter of course, still depends on the supply side and demand (demand), when domestic demand is very small pad year 2009 and onwards, the rest could be for export, so that can only happen in the year, the export is still higher than projected these. This is actually a challenge that we, whether true that after the year 2008, 2009 and then domestic demand will increasingly grow up? Because when this happens on the principle that the Government has a mechanism to meet domestic demand this

Mining bill nears House approval

2008-12-15T14:21:00.000-08:00

After more than three years of deliberation, the mining bill is on the verge of becoming law, with a House of Representatives special committee agreeing Thursday to eliminate a crucial article on contract of works (CoW).

The CoW scheme will be replaced by business licenses — a move likely to irritate business players, who would have preferred the CoW system, which guarantees the duration of a mining activity.

However, the decision taken by the committee, which groups together representatives from all factions and commissions, means the bill can be endorsed in the next House plenary session on Dec. 16, potentially ending nearly three years of deliberation, which has been exacerbated by quarreling among the members.

“We have sorted everything out to make sure that the new law will serve the nation’s best interests,” head of working committee for the mining law Sony Keraf said after the meeting.

Under the new regulation, mining companies operating in so-called state reserve areas must allocate 10 percent of their net profits to the government, 4 percent of which will go to the central government and 6 percent to local administrations.

A reserve area contains protected strategic mineral reserves, including of tin, coal, gold and nickel.

The new permit system divides licenses into three categories: For strategic mining areas (reserve areas), non-strategic mining areas and small mining areas.

A license for a strategic mining area will be issued by the central government, specifically the energy and mineral resources minister. However, the government must seek approval from legislators to open a strategic mining area for development.

Priyo Pribadi Soemarno, the executive director of the Indonesia Mining Association (IMA), said the new law would jeopardize the mining industry.

“It is not an investor-friendly law. It is impossible to attract big mining companies with those regulations,” he said, adding that the agreement would provide some sort of certainty for the business players who had been waiting for the bill’s endorsement for years.

Under the new mining law, existing CoW holders have one year once their contracts expire to comply with the new system. But for mining companies operating smelters, the allotment is five years.

Key Points:

1. Types of Permits
a. Licenses for strategic mining operations are issued by the energy and mineral resource minister.
b. Licenses for non-strategic mining operations covering areas in more than one province are issued by the minister, for mines covering areas in more than one regency; issued by the governor.
c. Licenses for small mining operations are issued by a regent.

2. Fines and jail terms for permit issuers who issue permits that are deemed illegal.

3. Imposing a cap on exploration and production periods.

Source:Ika Krismantari , The Jakarta Post , Jakarta | Fri, 12/12/2008 7:28 AM | Headlines

Editorial: The new mining law

2008-12-15T14:13:00.000-08:00

The new mining law which is scheduled to be enacted by the House of Representatives on Tuesday still stipulates the clause most dreaded by mining investors -- the licensing system in general mining and coal (excluding oil, natural gas and geothermal) will be changed from contract of work (CoW) to a system of mining business permits.

The good news is that the new law will not be retroactive to existing mining concessions. They can continue to operate until the end of their CoWs, after which the contractors have to operate under the new system as regulated in the new law.

However strongly opposed mining contractors and potential investors are to the new contractual system, the blunt fact is that the new law, which has been on the House legislation agenda for more than three years, is the mining sector's best legal umbrella that has gained a national political consensus.

We understand the great concern among investors about what they see as a land mine under the new licensing system because of an added source of uncertainty about the permits for each stage of operations.

The CoW concept guarantees the duration of a mining activity from seismic surveying and exploration to feasibility studies, construction and production, as the different phases were all merged together under one contract.

However, under the new system, investors or contractors are required to obtain separate permits for surveys and exploration, a feasibility study and production development.

But the new legislation also stipulates that holders of exploration permits are guaranteed production permits as a continuation of their business activities.

Investors can still see this in a bad light, given the government bureaucracy's notorious reputation, making them vulnerable to delays or bureaucratic corruption.

Another good thing is that the stipulations on the terms and conditions of the permits for explorations and production are so comprehensive and clear-cut that the risk of unnecessary delays or unilateral refusals on the part of the government to grant a production permit after a successful exploration stage is quite small.

The exploration period, for example, is set at a range of between three and eight years and for production between 15 and 40 years, allowing for extensions depending on the category of the minerals.

True, more than anything else, legal and regulatory certainty is vitally important for mining investment because the industry is capital and technology intensive, faces high risks and has a long payback period and operates mostly in remote areas where basic infrastructures are extremely inadequate.

But the new licensing system is only one of more than 170 articles in the new law and most of these provisions seem designed to strengthen legal certainty in the mining industry.

In fact, the new legislation, which will replace the 1967 mining law, will fill in the legal vacuum in the licensing of new mining contracts (excluding oil, gas and geothermal) caused by the introduction of local autonomy in 2001.

No major mining contracts have been awarded after the enforcement of the autonomy law which devolved the authority for awarding mining contracts to regional administrations.

The new legislation clearly regulates the division of authority in the licensing of mining ventures among the central government and provincial and regency administrations, with the delineation of areas opened to mining contractors or reserved for strategic mining area under direct jurisdiction of the central government.

These clear-cut provisions will minimize the risk of disputes between regional administrations and the central government or between neighboring provincial and district administrations. There are also stipulations regarding divestment to national interests by foreign shareholders, local community development and the transfer of business competence to local companies.

At the end of the day, though, the effectiveness of the new law will also depend on the set of government regulations which have yet to be issued to enforce the legislation.

The implementing regulations will govern how the various ministries and the different levels of government will execute their respective functions and responsibilities as regards mining operations.
Source: Mon, 12/15/2008 10:40 AM | Opinion, http://www.thejakartapost.com

Mining law may deter big investors: Associations

2008-12-15T14:10:00.000-08:00

While it will certainly ensure more business, the soon-to-be passed mining bill is likely to discourage large multinational mining companies from investing in Indonesia, putting the future of the industry at stake, mining groups warn.

A new permit system, which will replace the Contract of Work (CoW) system, is the primary thing deterring firms from investing here, chairman of the Indonesian Coal Producers Association, Jeffrey Mulyono, told The Jakarta Post.

"I won't be surprised if we will see some of them pulling out of this country," Jeffrey said, adding that some miners had planned to cancel investments, including British-Australia mining giant BHP Billiton, which has already withdrawn their US$4-billion investment plan in Maluku.

He argued that the bill would only serve the interests of small and medium sized miners and only hinders the operation of big players.

Under the bill, which will be endorsed this week by the House of Representatives after three years of political struggle, the government will cap the size of mining activities based on the type of mineral resources in a specific area.

Areas for coal exploration, for example, will be capped at between 5,000 and 50,000 hectares for exploration and 15,000 hectares for production -- sizes deemed insufficient for big miners, according to Jeffrey, who is the former president director of coal miner Berau Coal.

Speculation is rife that the new limitations are the result of the teaming up of key politicians with officials from local administrations, in an effort to try and protect mineral resources from big, especially foreign miners.

The politicians are believed to have indirect investments in dozens of mining concessions in Kalimantan and Sumatra and are attempting to expand their business through the new legislation.

Under the new mining law, once their contracts expire existing CoW holders have one year to comply with the new system. However, for mining companies operating smelters, five years is allowed.

Indonesia, Southeast Asia's largest economy, has rich reserves of coal, copper, gold, tin, and nickel, which lures numerous multinational companies including Rio Tinto, Newmont Mining Corporation, Vale-Inco, and Freeport McMoran.

Jeffrey believes that investment in the mining sector is likely to be less than the targeted $8 billion this year, as some companies postpone or even drop their investment plans due to various reasons aside from the bill, including legal disputes with the local administrations.

Last year, mining investment hit $1.5 billion, up from $900 million in 2006.

"It won't be surprising if the amount of mining investments plummets," Jeffrey said.

He added that the bill had also failed to provide long-term certainty for miners because the government could revoke permits at any time.

Indonesian Mining Association Executive Director Priyo Pribadi Soemarno said the association would study the bill, before it took any measures, including a possible judicial review with the Constitutional Court.

In response to concerns, a member of the House working committee for the bill, Sony Keraf, insisted investors should not worry about their investment as the law would provide clarity.

"We have an article, and this is for the first time, that will punish and fine government officials who misuse their authority to issue mining permits," Sony said.

However, many doubt this article can be strictly enforced given the country's weakness in law enforcement.

The up-side of the bill, however, is the certainty miners now have after having to guess for some time as to which routes the industry would head, something that put future business plans in the dark.

"Now it's up to the investors. They can take it or leave it. We can not do anything about it as it is the law. We have tried our best to give inputs but the decision is in their (legislators) hands," said Priyo.

Key points in the bill

1. The permit can not be transferred to other parties, the transfer of shares can be done only after it is certain the company will mine.

2. Permit holders must submit post mining and reclamation plans before seeking a permit.

3. Permit holders must build smelters.

4. All mining activities must prioritize the use of local workers and the involvement of local companies. Mining companies cannot involve units or subsidiaries.

5. The mining permit can be revoked should the permit holders not comply with the law, are involved in criminal offenses or go bankrupt.

6. A Mining company should pay

- Fixed production and exploration fees

- Reclamation and post mining costs

- After five years of production, companies, whose shares are owned by foreign firms, must divest its shares to the government, state owned enterprises and national private companies.

- Production permit holders must allocate 10 percent of their net profits for government, for which 4 percent will go to the central government and 6 percent to local governments.

7. Officials who misuse their authority in issuing permits will face imprisonment for 2 years and a fine Rp 200 million.

8. Permit
- Exploration permit

*Metal: Given for an eight year period with a concession area of between 5,000 hectares and 100,000 hectares.

*Non-metal: Given for a three year period with a concession area of between 500 hectares and 25,000 hectares.

*Specific non-metal: Given for a three year period with a concession area of between 5 hectares and 5,000 hectares or seven years for a concession area of between 5,000 hectares and 50,000 hectares

- Production permit

*Metal: Given for an area of 25,000 hectares for a 20 year period, but can be extended for ten years a maximum of two times.

*Non-metal: Given for an area of 5,000 hectares for period of 10 years, but can be extended for a period of five years a maximum of two times.
Specific non-metal: Given for 20 years, but can be extended for ten years a maximum of two times.

*Rocks: Given for an area of 1,000 hectares for a period of five years, but can be extended for five years a maximum of two times.

*Coal: Given for an area of 15,000 hectares for a period of 20 years, but can be extended 10 years a maximum of two times.

Source: Source: Ika Krismantari , The Jakarta Post , Jakarta | Mon, 12/15/2008 10:41 AM | Business

Govt told to act against illegal logging, fishing, mining

2008-12-13T21:10:00.000-08:00

Contributions to state income from the exploitation of natural resources will remain lackluster unless efforts are intensified to curb illegal activities in the forestry, mining and fishery sectors, a report says. Illegal logging, mining and fishing are not only badly hurting the environment, but they are also causing trillions of losses in potential state income, Greenomics Indonesia said last week.

In the report, executive director Elfian Effendi said illegal logging and fishing alone caused Rp 60 trillion (about US$5.35 billion) in losses to the nation every year, which could have been used to pay the nation's mounting debts.

"Non-tax revenue from the forestry, mining and fishery sector cannot pay the nation's debts, for instance, because they account for 0.92 percent, or Rp 9.5 trillion of next year's budget of around Rp 1,000 trillion," he said.

"It is ironic how the three sectors play such a small part in the budget, yet illegal practices in those sectors keeps ruining the environment."

Under the 2009 state budget, the government will spend around Rp 165 trillion to pay back the nation's debts -- both principals and interests -- while the non-tax revenues from the three sectors only make up around 6 percent of it.

Moreover, Elfian added, the majority of the revenue will be disbursed to producing regions as part of a so-called revenue sharing scheme between the central and local governments.

"For example, in the 2009 budget, the central government will receive around Rp 2.4 trillion from the three sectors, because some Rp 7.1 trillion out of the total revenue must be transferred to the regions," he said.

Accelerating debt payments means the government could allocate more funds to more productive activities to help boost economic growth.

Elfian said that unless the government acts more aggressively to reduce illegal logging, fishing and mining, the country would continue to suffer a rapidly deteriorating environment and an inability to gain greater economic gains from the three sectors.

Source: The Jakarta Post , Jakarta | Mon, 11/24/2008 12:18 PM | Business

Sumitomo Metal will trim production of copper

2008-12-12T05:57:00.000-08:00

Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., the second largest copper producer in Japan, plan to cut production in the quarter I/2009 economic recession in the middle of the lower demand for steel. Copper prices plunged more than 60% from record high prices in July along with the economic recession that came from the United States (U.S.) and Europe, and are now crawling to countries in Asia.

Pan Pacific Copper Co., the largest steel company in Japan, is also the possibility of lowering production to 20% in the next year because of the crisis affected the world economy. This was disclosed by Nippon Mining & Metals Co., a company that has a 66% share in the joint venture company, at the beginning of this month.

In his statement last October, Sumitomo Metal plans to produce 389,268 tons of copper and 57,688 tons of nickel, including Ferro-nickel, in the 12 months that ended on 31 March 2009. Yesterday, executive officer of Sumitomo Mikinobu Ogata stated to Reuters that the government will reduce production in the quarter I/2009.

In London Metal Exchange (LME), the price of copper for delivery three months ahead rose to 8.4%, or U.S. $ 255 to U.S. $ 3,305 per ton, equivalent to U.S. $ 1.50 per pound.

Source: by: M. Tahir Saleh & www.Kompas.com

make use of energy saving coal

2008-12-09T05:57:00.000-08:00

How Coal Forms?

As most people know, coal is composed of organic material from prehistoric times that have been altered chemically high pressure during the exposure time and very similar to the creation of oil in many ways. The accumulation of silt, manure and other organic ingredients are similar in swamps and bogs began millions of years ago. Tectonic changes and movements of the crust of land buried those areas, sometimes at great depths. The high-pressure environment combined with the heat of the Earth interior transformed organic matter by altering its chemical nature. First, it was turned into peat and peat was refined in the coal of different kinds. The quality of a deposit of coal is defined by the pressure and temperature along with time. A high quality coal has been subjected to pressure, temperature and transformation times since coal of inferior quality. The quality is usually associated with "organic maturity." Time deadlines for the creation of different types of coal vary widely. A deposit of peat can be created in as little as 9000 years, while anthracite requires millions of years to form.

Low-rank coals
The first stage in the coal maturity scale is called peat. Due to the acidic conditions the organic material is prohibited from decaying completely. Approximately 60% of the worlds swamp areas are peat. Due to very high water content and the presence of lots of non-carbon materials peat is not as energy-rich as brown coal and limited to local small-scale heating. The stage after peat is called lignite or “brown coal”, with a carbon content in the range of 25-35%. The water content is high (up to 66%) and the color can go from dark black to different shades of brown. This type of coal is mainly used for large-scale power generation. Next stage is sub-bituminous coal. The carbon content is 35-45% with a reasonable energy content. It is still quite soft and brittle with quite high water content (20-30%). Used in cement manufacturing and a large array of industrial processes along with power generation.

High-rank coals
The following stage forms bituminous coal. The carbon content of bituminous coal is around 60-86%, the rest is composed of water, air, hydrogen, and sulphur. This type is divided into two sub-groups called steam coal and coking coal. Coking coal and steam coal are the two types of coal that is most frequently traded. The steam coal is used as sub-bituminous coal in power generation. It has higher energy content than brown coal and contains less ash, thus making it an better fuel for coal-fired power plants.

Coking coal is a vital fundament in the metallurgical industry. High carbon content and low amounts of sulphur, phosphor and other unwanted materials are the typical properties of coking coal.

The final type is called anthracite and consists of almost pure carbon (86-98%) together with some impurities. Barely 1 percent of all coal is classified as anthracite and it is mainly used in domestic situations as a smokeless fuel. It is harder to ignite than steam coal and the scarce supplies have greatly limited the uses.

Higher carbon content than 98% leads to graphite or diamonds. Graphite is not used as a fuel, due to the problems of igniting it. Both graphite and diamonds have
many uses in industry and are not treated as normal coal.

Coal mining

There are two forms of coal mining, mining surface and underground mining. Which method you use depends on the properties of coal seams. The underground mines are currently about 60% of the worlds coal production. But the worlds largest exporter of coal, Australia, 80% use of surface mining.

Underground mines usually takes longer to complete and tend to make a greater portion of the vein of coal unusable, however, is the only viable option for coal seams fund. Two different methods of mining there, room-and-pillar mining and mining long. The first is cheaper, but leaves more coal unrecoverable, while the long-wall mining is the most expensive option but can recover more coal. The choice of the technique of mining is always based on economic considerations and differences in a single mine can lead to both methods. A problem with underground mining of coal is the risk of explosions. Coal seams contain small amounts of methane and other combustible gases that could be ignited by sparks, which leads to a gas explosion when the conditions are right. This is not a problem in the mining area. Surface mining can recover up to 90% or more of the coal industry. But it is only economic when the coal seam is located near the surface. Surface mining is simply a matter of the relocation of soil that discovers coal moving dirt covering. This time the damage in the area, but if adequate recharge and recovery takes place the mining can thoroughly restored. Coal that comes directly from a mine often needs to be treated in different ways. This treatment can be everything from grinding coal to fine powder in the complex process of chemical cleaning to reduce certain impurities. Coal cleaning can reduce the amount of ash more than 50% and thus reducing the amount of waste from combustion of coal.

Coal energy
The coal has been a mainstay of electricity generation in the west and is estimated to be for the developing economies of today. Due to its cheapness, reliability and availability of coal is one of the few energy sources that can meet the growing demand for electricity in the world.
The initial combustion of coal burning power plants of coal in pieces of a metal grate to boil steam that could be used in turbines.
Today is the first coal crushed in a fine powder, thus increasing its surface and allowing it to burn faster. The dust has blown into a combustion chamber and is used to generate steam.
The development of new coal-based power plants is closely linked to the gasification technology. Since a new concept uses coal gasification to improve efficiency and reduce emissions.
The IGCC design (integrated gasification combined cycle) creates a synthesis gas from coal or any other source of carbon and burns at high efficiency gas, a gas turbine. It is also easier to clean impurities and harmful materials from synthesis gas in comparison with the cleaning of the exhaust steam from ordinary combustion of coal.
Designs of Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle typically offer efficiencies around 45% and reduce NOx and SOx emissions of 95-99%. Besides the development points to the net efficiency of 56% in the future. The IGCC-concept extends far beyond just the generation of electricity. A portion of synthesis gas can be diverted to a synthesis FT-stage and is used for the production of fuels and other chemicals. The synthesis gas can also be "changed" to produce pure hydrogen for a future hydrogen economy. The gasification of carbon dioxide makes the separation easier compared to regular coal combustion, and hence the potential to eliminate emissions of greenhouse gases looks very promising.
Today there are about 160 plants IGCC worldwide in operation. The current reliability is considered a bit lower than other methods of coal combustion, such as supercritical pulverized coal combustion of coal and fluidized bed combustion. In addition the development is needed to make the technology of integrated gasification combined cycle, the chosen route of future energy companies of coal.
However, the flexibility of an integrated gasification combined cycle, is a big advantage, especially for countries in need of electricity and fuels. In times of need of the plant can be focused on electricity generation and the free time of production can be shifted to the fuel via FT-synthesis. Analysts believe that the technology of integrated gasification combined cycle is very appropriate for developing countries that have indigenous coal and lack of funds to import oil or develop other energy sources.

PLN plans Rp 1.5 trillion bond issue

2008-12-03T08:25:00.000-08:00

State power company PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) plans to issue Rp 1.5 trillion (US$123.26 million) worth of bonds next January to help finance its 10,000-megawatt (MW) power plant program, which is scheduled for completion in 2010.

President director Fahmi Mochtar said Tuesday the company remained upbeat that the bonds would be attractive to investors, even in the present adverse conditions where the global financial crisis has restricted liquidity.

"People would refer more to our performance, and don't forget that our market still has around Rp 58 trillion in liquidity," Fahmi said, referring to the total value of bonds which have been matured this year in the domestic market.

"Overseas investors, from Qatar and Europe, also have shown their interest to invest in our company."

PLN has appointed Bank CIMB Niaga as a trustee agent for the bond issue, with Trimegah Securities, Indo Premier Securities and Danareksa Securities as underwriters.

The bonds, Rp 500 billion of which will be in the form of Islamic bonds (sukuk), will be issued in series of five-year and seven-year bonds.

The annual yield of the five-year bond is based on the interest rate of the government bond (SUN) series of FR0020 plus 50 to 150 basis points. Meanwhile, the yield for the seven-year bond is based on the average yield of SUN series of FR0027 and FR0030, plus 50 to 150 basis points.

"According to today's interest rates of the preferred bonds series, the PLN five year-bond would give interest between 16.2 and 17.2 percent and the seven-year bond would give 15.7 to 16.7 percent," said Danareksa director Marciano Herman.

PLN is seeking loans to finance its massive power plant program to meet the increasingly rapid demand for electricity in the country.

About 6,800 MW of the program is located in Java and Bali, provided by 10 new power plants, while the remaining 3,200 MW is located outside the Java-Bali system and will be generated by about 20 smaller power plants.
To complete the program by 2010, PLN needs Rp 17.33 trillion to build power stations and Rp 8.58 trillion for transmission systems.

For next year, PLN will need Rp 3.7 trillion to build power plants and 7.03 trillion to build the transmissions system.

Up to Rp 10.73 trillion of expenditure is expected to be covered respectively from the state budget (Rp 2.4 trillion), export credits (Rp 5.5 trillion) and lending syndication (Rp 1.33 trillion), according to finance director Setio Anggoro Dewo.

"We hope the Rp 1.5 trillion from the bonds sales will cover the remaining budget," Setio said. (hwa
Souerce: The Jakarta Post , Jakarta | Wed, 12/03/2008 11:07 AM | Business

Definition in valuation asset of mining industry (Approach and Valuation Methodology in indonesia mining industry part-2)

2008-11-25T07:16:00.000-08:00

Definition in valuation asset of mining industry

1. Mineral elements are chemicals, minerals, rock and ore, including coal, peat, solid bitumen, water, earth, hot, radioactive minerals that occur naturally and have economic value.
2. Management of mineral activities that include the inventory, utilization and conservation of minerals.
3. Resources, mineral deposition is expected to be used with real confidence can be certain geological change into a spare after the eligibility of mines and mine meet the criteria feasible.
4. Backup is a mineral sediment that has been known to the size, shape, of the quality and quantity and in economic, technical, legal, environmental and social mine able can be done at the time of calculation.
5. Geological confidence is the confidence level on mineral deposition, which includes the size, shape, of, the quantity and quality in accordance with the exploration
6. Observation point is the location where the observation is done, the sample drilling, measurement, and / or location of the supervision of the exploration data.
7. Conservation efforts are extractive minerals management to get the optimum benefits for sustainable development and the interests of the people widely.
8. Mine is feasible that the situation shows that, based on factors in the feasibility study has possible silt mine minerals can be economically
9. Mine is not yet feasible circumstances that indicate that one or several factors in the feasibility study do not support the mine's mining practices. When these factors have the support of mineral resources can be changed to spare.
10. Study the feasibility of mine (Mine feasibility study) is about the aspects of technical and economic prospects of a mining project and is the basis for investment decisions. This study is a document that meets the requirements and be accepted for purposes of analysis banks / other financial institutions in connection with the implementation of investment or financing projects. This study covers the entire inspection report based on information geological exploration and economic factors, mining, processing, marketing law / legislation, environmental, social and other relevant factors.
11. Cut-off Grade (CoG) is the rate limit of the average lowest blocks from the mineral reserves that when mine able still valuable economically.
12. Removing or stripping ratio (SR) is the comparison between the tonnage mineral reserves with the volume of other materials (resources and waste) that must be unearthed and moved to mine the reserves.
13. Mineral marginal rate is the mineral that has a rate of around CoG, so it can be a backup or resources, depending on the condition of technology, value and the price at that time.
14. Mineral water content is low mineral resources that have been known dimensions and quality, with specific geological confidence, but the quality is still below the CoG.
15. Mineral deposition is another mineral that is in the mining areas, but not including the mineral cultivated.
16. Mineral follow-up is the major minerals other than minerals cultivated by genesis occur simultaneously with the main minerals.
17. Reserve the remaining (reserve remaining) is a mineral reserves on the mining ended.
18. Acquisition of mine (mining recovery) is the comparison between the production of mineral reserves feasible with the number of mine expressed in percent.
19. Acquisition (recovery) transport is a comparison between the amount of mineral results with the number of the transport of materials should be transported
20. Acquisition (recovery) processing / purification is the comparison between the amount of production / purification with a total mine production in the processing / purification.
21. Product side (by product) is the production of mining production in addition to mining is the main result of the processing side of the main mining production.
22. Tailings are the results from the processing of minerals that are not desired because it does not already contain valuable minerals again.
23. Business License General Mining is a mining business activity: Mining Business License, Business Mining Agreement, and the People's Mining Permit.
24. Executing the authorities / government is the central Government and Local Government or authority in accordance with the stipulated in Government Regulation No.. 25, 2000.
25. Reclamation (reclamation) is the effort to restore the function of the environment in the former mining areas into areas that efficient.
26. sample is a small part of the material taken in a certain way that may be considered to represent the overall material.
27. Map is a map of the exploration results geologize investigation conducted for identification, determine the location, size, shape, location, of, the quantity and quality of mineral deposition can then be done to the analysis / study the possibility of conducting mining.
28. Map of exploitation (map mining activity) is a map of mining mineral sediment from the skin economically earth by using a certain mining system.
29. Raw materials (Raw material) is material to be processed into useful products.
30. Free on Board (FOB) is a term in marketing, production, that the manufacturer / retailer, which bear all the freight / cost to the freighter.

Approach and Valuation Methodology in indonesia mining industry part-1

2008-11-25T07:10:00.000-08:00

Characteristics Asset of mining industry

Mining assets have different characteristic with other commercial assets. Features, among other mining assets as follows:

Have a relatively wide area in accordance with the Regional Mining Permit (SIPD), power Mining (Mining Permit Business, IUP), Contract of Work (KK), and the Agreement (e.g. the agreement works of coal mining (PKP2B)), which is owned
Have a pattern of integration in the asset processing
Has a limited amount of spare production according measurable
Have a mine life with a period of time
Very dependent on the supporting factors, climate, weather conditions and other mining
Very influenced by the type of chart contained in the extractive reserves
Experienced the process of production and continued refinement of mineral products produced
The land where the minerals are not included in the assessment, while the land where the processing is done where mineral / stockpile counted as mining assets.
Must be done mine reclamation and closure on the mining does not operate

In general, the phases of mining activities are as follows:

Research to investigate the geological general public or physics, in the land, waters, and from the air, all with the purpose to create a geological map or to set a common signs of minerals in general (Prospects). Research geological exploration and mining to define more carefully / exact location and nature of the place the mineral.

Business exploitation of mining with the purpose to produce minerals and how to use it with:

Surface Mining / Open pit
Underground Mining)
Underwater Mining / Marine Mine
The purification and processing to enhance the quality of minerals and to obtain and utilize the elements contained in the mineral.
Sales of minerals from the results of the processing / purification.

DMO Coal Up 20 Percent in

2008-11-20T15:08:00.001-08:00

Indonesia, government calculates that the production of coal required sold in the country through the mechanism Domestic Market obligation (DMO) more than 20 percent of production from each company.

In addition, the government will cut production output of coal for next year, when the company did not fulfill the obligations of DMO in the current year. "The amount (DMO) of approximately 20 percent more production from each company in the years running. That's our estimate," said Director of Development and production of Mineral and Coal, the Ministry of ESDM, Bambang Gatot Ariyono, in Jakarta, Thursday (20/11).

He emphasized that the DMO obligation for companies and producers of coal means the company is to sell, not give, production to the domestic market.

This is done to flatten the understanding of some of the media to understand that one of the DMO. "Market to buy domestic coal, not submitted it," he said.

According to Bambang, the price of coal is purchased adjusted domestic market with market prices. The government will issue a benchmark price (index) each month to refer the average coal price of ICI (India Coal Index), Platts (Singapore), Global, and Barlow Jonker (Australia).

"If the operators of coal which, for example, this year does not meet the DMO, the production in the next year we cut from the lack of proportional obligations in the year. Cut mechanism, we do when he RKAB (Work Plan and Budget) years," Bambang explained.

According to him, all the provisions will be set in regulations minister of DMO will be published.

BG won't deal until gas control settled

2008-11-20T05:00:00.001-08:00

BRITISH Gas chief executive Frank Chapman is to meet Queensland Premier Anna Bligh today to tell her the company will not commit to the $8 billion liquid natural gas project in the state unless a dispute over ownership of its natural resources is resolved.

British Gas inherited the problem from Queensland Gas, which has been in a legal dispute with underground coal gasification company Linc Energy over land in southwest Queensland, over which both have claims. The problem is that under Queensland legislation, the same ground can be granted to coal seam gas companies under a petroleum licence, while UCG companies can peg it as a mining tenement.

But Linc Energy also has a mining lease over the land and plans to use the coal in a process that involves setting fire to underground coal seams to produce fuel gas. Mr Chapman said that while he was aiming for a financial close for the entire project by the first quarter of 2010, it would not be possible unless his company had resource security over land near Chinchilla in western Queensland, which it is hoping to use as a source for coal seam methane.

"We won't be sanctioning our project, a final investment decision will not occur, unless we can have certainly over the reserves," he said.

Mr Chapman said the Government had to consider issues such as whether the technologies in each industry were proven, their economic scale, safety and environmental issues, and climate change.

"Now in all of these areas, BG believes that there is a clear and compelling case for a proven technology, an industry built around LNG, as being a far superior investment for the Government to support, than something which is a nascent science on a tiny scale in comparison, which, if allowed to continue with a loss of resource, will essentially put off limits the production of a vast resource around which a vast industry can be built," he said.

He said that one possible solution would be for the Government to allow one company to have an exclusive exploration right for five years and, if the lease had not been turned into a productive venture during that time, then exploration rights could then go to the other.

But Mr Chapman could not give any guarantee about future gas prices in Queensland.

He would only say that the three proposed LNG plants for central Queensland for an export gas industry could provide economies of scale that would actually bring the domestic price of gas down.

"But it's only where you have to exercise a choice about whether you send gas to a domestic market or an international market because there isn't sufficient supply both that you get leakage between the prices," he said.

Mr Chapman also said that while the global financial outlook was grim, it was impossible to say what the long-term effect on the viability of the LNG project would be. He said that while the relative price of oil was a factor in deciding the viability of an LNG project, the cost of production in both cases was relevant. "The real point is, can LNG be a viable global energy supplier competitive with crude oil? And the answer is absolutely, it can."

Andrew Fraser
Source: http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/

Kalimantan Gold gets encouraging initial resource estimate from Jelai gold project vein

2008-11-14T06:33:00.000-08:00

Kalimantan Gold Corporation Ltd announced an encouraging initial resource statement for one of five main veins identified at the 100 percent-owned Jelai gold project in East Kalimantan, Indonesia.
Chief executive Rahman Connelly said: "The Mewet vein resource model is an important milestone, as it starts to quantify our view that Jelai has potential for yielding a significant gold resource.”
The Mewet vein resource block is based on 23 drill holes and is contained within a 250 metre section within a known vein structure of more than 2,000 metres in strike length with mineralisation beginning on surface down to 225 metres below surface.
Kalimantan Gold said the the indicated resource, at a cut-off grade of 1.0 grammes per tonne gold, is 256,000 tonnes at 3.44 g/t gold and 3.2 g/t silver, and contains an estimated 28,000 ounces of gold and 26,000 ounces of silver. The inferred resource, at the same cut-off grade is 690,000 tonnes at 2.81 g/t gold and 3.7 g/t silver, contains an estimated 62,000 ounces gold and 82,000 ounces silver.
The emphasis will now be towards growing the resource in quantity and quality. The geological model generated will greatly assist in drill targeting in the Mewet Vein area, the company said.
Since mid-August, additional infill drilling in the Mewet vein area has provided enough confidence in the data to complete this first resource model of the vein structure outlined. This includes data derived from the recent Kalimantan Gold drilling and the previous exploration conducted by Ivanhoe Mines Ltd.
Kalimantan Gold Corporation is listed on both the TSX Venture Exchange in Canada and on AIM. The Company is focused on gold, coal and copper prospects in Indonesia and has exploration rights in three areas: the Jelai epithermal gold prospect in East Kalimantan, five coal prospects, also in East Kalimantan and porphyry copper and gold prospects in Central Kalimantan.
By : Andre Lamberti; http://www.proactiveinvestors.com/

Kalimantan Gold

2008-11-14T06:32:00.000-08:00

Kalimantan Gold Corporation Ltd (KGC) is an AIM and TSX-listed junior exploration company focused on exploration in Kalimantan, Indonesia where it has been active for a number of years. The company is exploring for gold and copper in two distinct areas of Kalimantan and is also seeking to acquire a number of coal prospects in the region.
In East Kalimantan, KGC is currently undertaking a 4,000 metre drill programme at its 100%-owned Jelai gold prospect and results to date indicate the potential for a major epithermal gold deposit. This has been confirmed by the economic geologist Dr Peter Pollard in an independent report on the project and the company expects to announce an inferred resource for Jelai in the next few months.
In Central Kalimantan KGC’s Contract of Work (CoW) has multiple copper porphyry prospects which, according to Dr Pollard, still have considerable untested potential. A number of companies have expressed interest in reviewing the KSK data with a view to signing a co-operation agreement.
In addition to its exploration work, KGC supports development in the villages surrounding its project areas through a Foundation, YTS. Villages are encouraged by YTS to plan for the future with the help of a Village Development Fund, the aim being to facilitate self help wherever possible.
Kalimantan Gold Corporation Limited is a junior exploration company focused on promising gold, coal and copper prospects in Kalimantan, Indonesia, a country which is both highly prospective and under explored.
In East Kalimantan, the company is undertaking a 4,000 metre drill programme at its 100%-owned Jelai prospect which has the potential to yield a major epithermal gold deposit. The Jelai programme has produced promising drill results to date and the company expects to have an initial inferred resource by the end of 2008.
Also in East Kalimantan, the company has signed an Option Agreement to acquire a 75% stake in five coal concessions, located in what is probably the largest thermal coal producing area in the world. The company is currently carrying out due diligence on the concessions, including 3,000 metres of drilling.
In Central Kalimantan, the company has porphyry copper prospects which it believes have the potential to produce a world-class deposit. A number of companies have expressed interest in reviewing existing data on the project.
KLG funds a foundation, Yayasan Tambuhak Sinta (YTS) , which supports a variety of community and social projects close to the exploration areas.
Kalimantan Gold is listed on the AIM market of the London Stock Exchange and on the TSX Vancouver Exchange.

Source: http://www.proactiveinvestors.com

Have not planning Minerals/mine

2008-11-14T06:30:00.000-08:00

Mining activities, especially coal and iron ore, the tune has not been a good run. Lack of planning activities from the mining permit holders of power and mining (KP) into evidence.
It also makes the Office of Mining and Energy tune during this difficult to collect the amount of funds guarantee reclamation. Just know, the miner obliged to pay insurance funds manage the reclamation permit KP exploitation.
Regulation refers to the number 256a in 2004, the amount of funds guarantee reclamation of Rp45 million per hectare to strategic minerals (including coal) and Rp15 million for the extractive industries (group C).
"As we know, the human resources miner (KP permit holders) in our region is now the average is still low. Almost all planning activities have not mining planning. Implication, we often difficult to collect the insurance fund reclamation," said Kasi License Distamben tune Badaruddin, Wednesday (12/11).
Funds that own reclamation area based on the standard-fixed mine openings. If there is mining activity planning, for example, in two years time the mine opened wide as 3 hectares, more bodies, easy to collect insurance fund reclamation.
Since lack of planning mining, Distamben tune eventually take policy miner insurance funds to pay at least reclamation mine openings for at least two hectares.
The determination of the two hectares is not without calculation, but based on the average miner ability to exploit that is 1-2 hectares a year.
"Furthermore, our per six months to evaluate through monitoring of the field to see how far the realization or mine openings available. If, for example mine openings have been to 3 hectares, then we ask miner pay the additional funds to guarantee reclamation ie 1 ha mine openings that have not been paid, "Several bodies.
Mining activities, he continued to decline since two years ago due Control of the mine area. A number of operational miner stop because I have to take more loans permission to use the Minister of Forestry. Until now permits the use loans generally have not been published.
Data are currently 62 registered permit KP still alive, or from about 40 companies permit holders. However, the active (exploitation are) only a small company that is 18.
Source: Banjarmasin post

Coal reserves south Kalimantan evaluated

2008-11-14T06:20:00.000-08:00

Department of Geological Agency ESDM with New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), Japan, conduct joint activities to evaluate the coal resources in Indonesia.
During the period 2007 to 2008 is the evaluation of activities undertaken coal resources in three provinces, namely, South Sumatra, East Kalimantan and South Kalimantan.
"The aim of this activity is to evaluate the amount of coal resources in Indonesia, particularly areas that are currently known for its rich coal," said the head of the Department of Geological Agency ESDM, R Sukhyar in Jakarta on Thursday.
He explain, these activities have been conducted since 2007 and planned to continue until 2009 to come.
In this event together, NEDO provide funding and technology assistance to the Geological Agency.
Evaluation conducted in depth up to 200 meters to 600 meters below the surface.
Based on the explanation Sukhyar, from the results of the evaluation can be concluded that this is very possible to mine underground activities (under ground) in the third area.
Sukhyar said the government in the near future will publish the results of this evaluation in more detail again.
"Next, we will conduct an evaluation of coal resources in the province of Central Kalimantan, and possibly in other regions in Sumatra," he said.
Besides conducting cooperation with the Geological Agency, currently Japan is also binding cooperation with the Center for Technology and Mineral (TEKMIRA) for the activities of the Department of ESDM The Gasification and coal, and up-grading project Brown Coal.
Source: Banjarmasin Post

this is the real gold

2008-11-14T01:11:00.000-08:00

Gold is a remarkable, rare metal, with an unparalleled combination of chemical and physical properties. It is the only yellow metal and bears its name from the Old English word for yellow, 'geolu'. It is also the only metal that forms no oxide film on it's surface in air at normal temperatures, meaning that it will never rust or tarnish.

Gold's chemical symbol, Au, comes from the latin word for gold, aurum. In the Periodic Table of Elements, gold is classified as a transitional metal with the following characteristics;
Symbol: Au
Atomic number: 79
Atomic mass: 196.96655 amu
Number of protons/electrons: 79
Number of neutrons: 118
Melting point: 1,064.43°C (1,337.58°K, 1,947.97°F)
Boiling point: 2,807.0°C (3,80.15°K, 5,084.6°F)
Density @ 293°K: 19.32 grams per cubic centimeter
Crystal structure: cubic

Gold may be alloyed with various other metals to give it special properties. In its pure form, gold has a metallic luster and is sun yellow, but when mixed or alloyed with other metals, such as silver (Ag), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), tellurium (Te), and iron (Fe), creates various color hues ranging from silver-white to green and orange-red. Usually, red, yellow and green golds are made by adding varying amounts of copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) to produce alloys of 10 to 14 carats. White golds have traditionally been made by alloying nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) with gold, but more recently silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd) have replaced the zinc. These color variation treatments to gold are mostly used in jewelry.

Fineness is a metallurgical term indicating the purity of gold and is expressed in parts per 1,000. Minted coins and bars have a fineness of 999.9 parts per 1,000. The purity of gold in an item or the amount of gold in an alloy is measured with a unit called a carat. An item of fine or pure gold is 24 carat, with lesser carat values indicating the proportion of fine gold content as a fraction of 24. For example, an 18 carat gold item contains 18/24 (or 3/4) fine gold and 6/24 (or 1/4) alloy by weight.
Properties of Gold

An unparalleled combination of chemical and physical properties make gold invaluable to a wide range of everyday applications. One of the most important of these properties is gold’s virtual indestructibility.

Gold is the most non-reactive of all metals. It is called a "noble" metal (an alchemistic term) because it does not oxidize under ordinary conditions, meaning that it will never rust and never tarnish.

Gold's physical properties of high electrical conductivity and chemical inertness make it an excellent and reliable conductor, particularly in harsh environments, where temperatures can range from -55°C to 200°C. The use of gold in circuitry ensures reliability of equipment operation, particularly in the vital activation of safety airbag mechanisms in motor vehicles or deployment of satellites and spacecraft.

No other metal is as ductile or as malleable as gold. A single ounce of the metal can be drawn into a wire five miles long. Gold can be hammered into sheets so thin that light can pass through.

High purity gold reflects infrared (heat) energy almost completely, making it ideal for heat and radiation reflection. Gold-coated visors protected astronauts’ eyes from searing sunlight on the Apollo 11 moon landing.

Gold is also an excellent conductor of thermal energy. It is used in many electronic processes to draw heat away from delicate instruments. For example, the main engine nozzle of the space shuttle uses a 35% gold alloy.

The Process gold is mine

2008-11-14T01:06:00.000-08:00

Exploration:
The gold mining process begins with geologists discovering a deposit.

Exploration Drilling
After finding indications of gold, drill rigs are used to obtain samples from below the surface. These samples are analyzed for their gold content. If there is enough gold in the deposit to be produced economically, a mine is permitted and developed.

Open Pit Mining
The ore is mined in four steps: drilling, blasting, loading and hauling.

Blasthole Drilling : In the case of a surface mine, a pattern of holes is drilled in the pit and filled with explosives.
Blasting : The explosives are detonated in order to break up the ground so it can be loaded by large shovels or front-end loaders into haul trucks.
Underground Mining : Some ore bodies are more economically mined using underground methods. In this case, a tunnel called an adit or a shaft, is dug into the earth. Sort tunnels leading from the adit or shaft, called stopes, are dug to access the ore. The surface containing the ore, called a face, is drilled and loaded with explosives. Following blasting, the broken ore is loaded into trucks and taken to the surface. Once mining is completed in a particular stope, it is backfilled with a cement compound
Ore and Waste Haulage : The haul trucks transport the ore to various areas for processing. The grade and type of ore determine the processing method used. Higher-grade ores are taken to a mill. Lower grade ores are taken to leach pads. Some ores may be stockpiled for later processing
Ore Processing:
Heap leaching :The ore is crushed or placed directly on lined leach pads where a weak cyanide solution is applied to the surface of the heap. The solution percolates down through the ore, where it leaches the gold and flows to a central collection location. All of the solution is recovered in this closed system, preventing any infiltration into the ground below.
Milling : The ore is fed into a series of grinding mills where steel balls grind the ore to a fine slurry or powder.
Oxidization : Some types of ore require further processing before gold is recovered. In this case, the slurry is pressure-oxidized in an autoclave (shown on right) before going to the leaching tanks or a dry powder is fed through a roaster in which it is oxidized using heat before being sent to the leaching tanks as a slurry.
Leaching : The slurry is thickened and run through a series of leaching tanks. The gold in the slurry adheres to carbon in the tanks.
Stripping : The carbon is then moved into a stripping vessel where the gold is removed from the carbon by pumping a hot caustic solution through the carbon. The carbon is later recycle
Electro-winning :The gold-bearing solution is pumped through electro-winning cells or through a zinc precipitation circuit where the gold is recovered from the solution.
Smelting: The gold is then melted in a furnace at about 2,100°F and poured into molds, creating doré bars.
Gold Bullion : Doré bars are unrefined gold bullion bars containing anywhere from 60% to 95% gold.
Refining : The bars are sent to a refinery for further processing into pure gold
Reclamation :To restore the landscape for future uses such as ranching, recreation or wildlife habitat protection, reclamation, including revegetation, is implemented concurrently during mining

Benefit of Channel Availability In An Underground Coal Gasification Laboratory Scale

2008-11-12T17:04:00.000-08:00

ABSTRACT The benefit of gasification channel availability in an underground coal gasification experiment is investigated in laboratory. The experiment is conducted using a simulation rectangular reactor made of steel. There are two experiments conducted in this study: the first experiment is without gasification channel and the second experiment with a gasification channel inside the reactor. The result of the experiments shows that the amount of CO2 gas is in the range of (4,6-11,4)% and (11,6-14,4)%; CO gas is in the range of (0,3-4,0)% and (1,2-6,8)%; H2 gas is in the range of (0,1-2,5)% and (1,6-3,2)%; C3H8 gas is in the range of (0,0-0,6)% and (0,2-0,9)%; CH4 gas in the range of (0,0-2,2)% and (0,4-3,0)%, CnHm gas in the range of (0,0-0,0)% and (0,0-0,4)% for the first and the second experiment respectively. The caloric value of gas is in the range of (81-343)kcal/m3 and (263-516)kcal/m3 respectively. The range of temperature development during the gasification process shows that: in the first experiment, the range of gasification temperature T1 is (335-565)oC; and T2 is in the range of (110-240)oC. On the other hand, T1 from the second experiment is in the range of (550-705)oC and T2 is in the range of (160-628)oC. Besides that in the first experiment, the pattern of T1 and T2 changing has a decreasing tendency, while in the second experiment, it has an increasing tendency in relation with the progress of gasification process. It can be concluded that the availability of gasification channel in the second experiment allows the gasification reactions occur more efficiently compared with the reactions in the first experiment without the channel inside.
Key word : Underground gasification, coal, channel, reactor, gas composition

INTRODUCTION
Underground coal gasification is not a new idea, it was first suggested by Siemens in 1868 for the gasification of coal left in place after mining. Underground coal gasification is a method of converting unworked coal, deep underground, into a combustible gas, which can be used for industrial heating, power generation or the manufacture of hydrogen, synthetic natural gas or other chemicals.
Basically, this method allows us to eliminate the need for mining especially for the coal which is considered uneconomical to mine, due to several reasons for example the coal seam which locates very deep underground. Edgar (1974) mentioned that this underground coal gasification method was the most economical method to convert the solid coal to gas. Besides that, this method is able to reduce the risk of mining and minimize the environmental destruction related with the mining activities (Schrider & Whieldon, 1977).
The basic concept of underground coal gasification is illustrated in Figure 1. Two boreholes, or wells, are drilled to the bottom of the coal seam to be gasified. Normally the natural permeability of the coal bed is not high enough nor the fissures large enough to permit gas percolation through the seam, so it is necessary to enhance the permeability. This is called “linking” of the wells or in other word it can be mentioned as the gasification channel forming, in which narrow linear channel of high permeability are formed without increasing the permeability of the bulk of the coal seam. There are three parameters affects the underground gasification process. The first parameter is the geological parameter such as coal seam thickness, type of overburden; country rocks; and water table. The second group of parameters is the characteristics of coal such as moisture and ash contents; caking ability etc. The third group is the operasional parameters of gasification such as airflow rate; gasification channel; oxygen rate, pressure, the length of gasification zone etc. The knowledge and understanding of those parameters are very important and very helpful in planning the equipments related with the operation and interpretation of the result of underground coal gasification. The geological parameters and characteristics of coal are the most important and closely related. The operasional parameters are used to eliminate or at least to reduce the negative effect of geological parameter and characteristics of coal in this underground coal gasification. The effective combination of these parameters can support the successive progress of an underground coal gasification either from quantity or quality of gas product or from the efficiency point of view of this gasification process (Gunn, 1978). For more Info: See: http://dspace.ipk.lipi.go.id/dspace/

CONCLUSIONS
The result of the experiment show that in an underground coal gasification conducted in laboratory using a simulation reactor, a gasification channel is a rate limiting factor. This gasification channel affects the production of gases and also its quality. The result shows that the first reactor without a channel inside produces less amount of gases (CO2; CnHm; CO; H2; C3H8 and CH4 ) compared the gases from the second reactor which has a channel inside. The gasification process in the first experiment is not as effective as the gasification process in the second experiment. It is indicated by the calorific value of product gas from the first experiment which is in the range of (81-343)kcal/NM3, while the calorific value of gas from the second experiment is in the range of (263-516)kcal/NM3.
This is also supported by the temperature of the experiment. T1 in the first experiment is in the range of (335-565)oC; and T2 is in the range of (110-240)oC. On the other hand, T1 of the second experiment is in the range of (550-705)oC; while T2 is in the range of (160-628)oC. Besides that, the pattern of temperature changing from the experiment is different. For the first experiment, the pattern of T1 has a decreasing tendency during the gasification progressing. The same pattern also occures for T2. On the other hand, the pattern of T1 and T2 in the second experiment has an increasing tendency in relation with the progress of the gasification.
It can be concluded that the success of the underground coal gasification depends on the gasification channel foming during the run of the gasification. The channel gasification is one of the main parameter and becomes rate limiting factor in this underground coal gasification although there are numerous other factors can affect the gasification process such as coal type, seam thickness, gas input volume, type of gas input etc. Further experiment is suggested to examine the effect of these other factors to the gasification.

sorry, some not loaded: more Info: http://dspace.ipk.lipi.go.id/dspace/bitstream/123456789/232/1/02_Soetjijo(english%20version).pdf

Australian firm wins Indonesia iron mining contract

2008-11-12T04:09:00.000-08:00

Australian mining firm Indo Mines Limited has secured Indonesian government approval to mine iron ore deposits in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, with a total investment commitment of US$1.7 billion.
The company's local subsidiary, PT Jogja Magasa Iron, inked a 30-year work contract with the government Tuesday to develop iron sand reserves in the 2,987 hectares area.
"This is the first work contract in the mining sector since the 1998 crisis," Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry Purnomo Yusgiantoro said after the contract signing.
Indo Mines owns a 70 percent stake in Jogja Magasa Iron, with Indonesian company PT Jogja Magasa Mining holding the remaining 30 percent.
Under the contract, PT Jogja Magasa Iron has the right to mine iron sand and process it into pig iron.
The mining area has about 273 million tons of iron sand reserves, equivalent to about 33.6 million tons of pig iron, PT Jogja Magasa Iron's president commissioner Lutfi Heyder said.
Lutfi said the project would start operations after approval of the environmental impact assessment.
"We expect to start mining in 2011 and begin producing pig iron in 2012."
Jogja Magasa Iron aims to produce one million tons of pig iron per year, to be sold entirely to the domestic market.
"We will sell the pig iron to the domestic market, because the domestic fob (free on board) price is not too different from that of the international market," Lutfi said, adding that the current price for pig iron is about $450 per ton.

Jogja Magasa is now in talks with state steelmaker PT Krakatau Steel to supply the company with up to 100,000 tons of pig iron per year.

Purnomo said the mining project was expected to contribute tax revenues of $20 million per year and royalties of $11.25 million per year.

He said that, in the first ten year, the Jogja Magasa Iron would also give 1.5 percent of its gross profit for the development of the Kulon Progo region. The company contribution will increase to 2 percent after the first ten years.

The government has targeted that investment in mining, excluding oil and gas, should reach $1.55 billion this year.

Source: Alfian , The Jakarta Post , 11/05/2008

Bayan inks $800m deal with Thiess

2008-11-12T04:04:00.000-08:00

Coal producer PT Bayan Resources has signed mining contracts worth more than US$800 million with engineering and construction firm PT Thiess Contractors Indonesia.
In a statement on Monday, the country's eighth largest coal producer announced that its units PT Teguh Sinar Abadi (TSA) and PT Firman Ketaun Perkasa (FKP) had each signed five-year mining contracts with Thiess valued at around $610 million and $220 million respectively.
TSA and FKP are coal mining companies that own third-generation coal contract of works to mine in Melak, East Kalimantan. TSA and FKP have current concession areas of 5,838 and 12,710 hectares respectively.
Under the contract with Bayan, Thiess will carry out mine planning, overburden removal, coal mining, as well as loading and transportation of coal from the mine to the jetty.
The contracts also set out a total maximum production target of 4 million tons of coal and approximately 40 million bank cubic meters (BCM) of overburden per annum.
Bayan was the eighth largest coal producer in Indonesia in terms of production volume in 2007.
It expects to increase its coal production to 9 million tons this year from 4.7 million tons last year.
Its 2008 projected sales volume is 9.9 millions tons, up from 7.1 million tons last year.
Bayan, through its eight subsidiaries, owns the rights to mine coal on a total area of 81,265 hectares in East and South Kalimantan.
The company estimates a doubling of revenue to $700 million this year, from $376 million last year. Net profit is expected to reach $100 million this year, more than triple last year's profit of $27.5 million.

Source: Alfian , The Jakarta Post 10/14/2008

Indonesia to prepare 33.75 million tonnes of coal stocks in 2009

2008-11-11T06:37:00.000-08:00

Antara reported that Mr Purnomo Yusgiantoro energy & mineral resources minister of Indonesia said that the government will prepare 33.75 million tonnes of coal stocks in 2009. He said that the stocks would come from the government's 13.5% share of coal production by coal mining contractor companies, which reached 250 million tonnes per annum.

Mr Yusgiantoro said that in order meet its need for coal stocks PLN would establish a subsidiary, PT PLN Batubara. Coal stocks which had good quality could be exported while that of lower quality could be consumed by PLN. He added that "With these stocks, we could meet the need of the state owned power company PLN for coals."

Mr Pudji Widodo PLN head for coal energy affairs said last week that the company had placed orders with 24 coal producers in Australia. He added that "We are planning to import coal in order to meet our need for the fuel for our coal fired power plants in Suralaya, Tanjung Jati B and Paiton."

Mr Widodo said that the PLTUs would be operated by PT Paiton Energy Company from December 2008 to March 2009. He said coal producers at home had set their price at USD 116 per tonne while the price of coal to be imported from Australia was only USD 94 per tonne.
Source:http://steelguru.com

UTILIZATION IN coal beware of textile industry

2008-11-10T04:35:00.001-08:00

As energy resources, coal has long been used, particularly for production activities in the cement industry and generating electricity. Coal as alternative energy have economic value that is high enough so it can replace the role of fuel oil (fuel) in the production activities for the industry. Potential coal resources, Indonesia is estimated to reach 57.85 billion tons. The amount of 20.53 billion tons categorized as a indicated and 12.47 billion tons, including a category that measured resources (measured). Some 6.98 billion tons of them in the category to include backup (reserve) who are ready to mine (mine able). Approximately 52.15% of coal reserves in Kalimantan, Indonesia spread, 47.35% are scattered in Sumatra and the rest are in Java, Sulawesi and Papua, Hobbes is still included in the category of resources (measured and indicated).

Changes in the use of the energy that has happened so quickly since 2006, where coal to note to start by textile industry as a fuel in the production process. Some companies have started to switch to using coal as fuel and this was quite effective in the cost of production.
It needs to be in the use of coal in industrial textiles are:

Voting machines and equipment, in accordance with the environmentally friendly technology
Training workers to make adjustments in the technology
Preparing the point of distribution, infrastructure ranging from coal to the port with the location of a textile factory
Utilization of dust, may become a brick with optimal

If not the optimal utilization of coal and not carefully handling, can cause serious environmental impact in the future.

Booming commodities of coal, has ended

2008-11-06T08:29:00.000-08:00

Booming commodities of coal, has ended. Coal prices in Newcastle Index is rolling in the level of 100.83 U.S. dollars per ton. In June ago, the price of coal had to rebound range 160 U.S. dollars per ton. UBS Securities research and emphasize the end of October, honeymoon era of coal have ended. A global recession that menyusutkan world coal demand will be weaker commodity prices extend this one. However, the opportunity to increase the price of coal is still open within 12 months to 18 months.

With the assumption that: tight liquidity and a decline in income will derceasing investment in the mineral sector expecially mining sector. Production of coal is predicted to take down.

This means, "Supply and demand the same slowed. However, the level of coal demand will be faster Rebound line berputarnya economic growth that will menyulutkan needs more energy. When that price of coal burners to rise again. UBS predict, the price of coal in 2010 and 2009 later each will survive in the level of 125 U.S. dollars per tonne and 130 U.S. dollars per ton. The government will set the volume of obligations in the domestic supply (domestic market obligation / DMO) coal at 40-45 million tons in 2009. Volume 40-45 million tons of these needs is a proposed coal consumers, including PT PLN (Persero), which has put the needs of 36 million U.S. dollars. Production of coal from big producers in 2009 reached 230-250 million toom. DMO volume will be changed every year depending on the magnitude of needs domestic market. "Need for coal will increase significantly in 2010 after many plants operate 10,000 MW. Rules benchmark price of coal, will exit the same DMO. Benchmark price is a combination of the Indonesian Coal Index (ICI), Barlow Jonker, the Global Coal Index, and Platts. "Benchmark prices will apply each month.

PLN will Coal Import

2008-11-05T04:45:00.000-08:00

What with coal (raw materials) generating electricity, steam power in Indonesia, especially in Java? Based on the Kompas 5/11/2008, PLN will Import Coal.
Is the price of the proposed coal producers in the country is not reasonable because it is actually higher than the price of coal in the international market? In the case of projection needs coal plants for 2009 reached 56 million tons, increased projection for 2008 is 35 million tons. Therefore, I quoted many contents of the daily:

PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara will invite suppliers of coal from Australia, China, India and other countries. Efforts to import because a number of generating electricity, coal-fueled failed to obtain supplies from domestic producers.

Procurement of coal that made good by the company, its subsidiaries, including power management and the private sector do not get enough response from the company's domestic coal mines. As a result, prone to interference occurs generator.

A number of generating electricity, steam power in the main island of Java is currently experiencing a severe shortage of supply. What Happen????

Deploying Near-Zero Technologies for Coal:A Path Forward

2008-10-31T04:51:00.000-07:00

This summary of the Western Governors Association workshop “Deploying Near-Zero
Technologies for Coal: A Path Forward,” held in Denver, Colorado on October 23rd, 2007, identifies concepts that western state governments could consider to facilitate the technical and regulatory pathways for deployment of near-zero-emission coal-fired power plants. The workshop was part of a continuing effort by the WGA to implement the recommendations of the Clean and Diversified Energy Advisory Committee convened by the Western Governors’ Association1 to increase new clean energy generation in the West by 30,000 megawatts by 2015. In the 2006 Clean and Diversified Energy report, the governors agreed to:
• Support continuing efforts to improve the efficiency and environmental performance of
all advanced coal technologies examined by the Advanced Coal Task Force; and
• Support incentives for the development of advanced coal technologies that are not yet
commercially viable and operate with superior environmental performance.
Specifically, the Governors stated goal is achieving near-zero emissions from coal-fired
power plants at a competitive cost of electricity. The Governors further pushed for funding of multiple pilot programs, both to determine the costs and operating characteristics of advanced coal plants and to evaluate environmental and public health and safety impacts for geologic sequestration of CO2.
This summary also draws from the expert presentations and roundtable discussions that occurred at the workshop. Presentations included experts from industry, the environmental community, government, the financial services sector, and the sciences. Participants in the workshop were asked to identify the necessary steps to achieve deployment of near-zero emission coal technologies in a carbon constrained, clean and diversified energy portfolio. This summary also includes

More…… : Source and Download to: http://www.westgov.org/wga/publicat/zero-coal08.pdf

Glossary of Mining Terms

2008-10-31T04:36:00.000-07:00

There are many technical terms associated with the mining industry. Below are
terms that, while not necessarily used or discussed in this text, are commonly
encountered when examining mining entities or activities. The following
definitions are taken from "Dictionary of Mining Terms."
A
Abandoned Mine - Excavations, either caved or sealed, that are deserted and in
which further mining is not intended.
Acid Mine Drainage - Liquid drainage from bituminous coal mines containing a
high concentration of acidic sulphates, especially ferrous sulphated.
Adit - A horizontal opening giving access to a mine.
Advance Stripping - The removal of barren or sub-grade earthy or rock materials required to expose and permit the minable grade of ore to be mined.
Air Shaft - A shaft used wholly or mainly for ventilating mines, for bringing fresh
air to places where men are working, or for exhausting used air.
Airway - Any underground gallery or passage through which a portion of the
ventilation passes, that is, the air is carried. Sometimes referred to as an air
course. Also called wind road.
Anode - The positive terminal of an electrolytic cell. Opposite of cathode.
Anthracite - A hard, black lustrous coal containing a high percentage of fixed
carbon and a low percentage of volatile matter. Commonly referred to as hard
coal. Anthracite ignites with difficulty, produces no smoke, burns at first with a
very short blue flame that disappears after the coal is thoroughly ignited, and
produces an intensely hot fire.
Ash - The inorganic residue remaining after ignition of combustible substances.
In general, it differs in weight and composition from the original mineral matter.
Auger Mining - A mining method often used by strip-mine operators when the
overburden gets too thick to be removed economically. Large-diameter, spaced
holes are drilled up to 200 feet into the coal bed by an auger. Like a bit used for
boring holes in wood, this consists of a cutting head with screw like extensions.
As the auger turns, the head breaks the coal and the screw carries the coal back
into the open and dumps it on an elevating conveyor; this, in turn, carries the coal
to an overhead bin or loads it directly into a truck. Auger mining is relatively
inexpensive, and it is reported to recover 60 to 65 percent of the coal in the part
of the bed where it is used.
B
Backfill - The process of filling, and/or the material used to fill, a mine opening.
In general refers to the material placed "back" to refill an excavation.
Ballast - Rough, unscreened gravel as used to form the bed of a railway or
substratum for new roads.
Barren Solution - A solution from which all possible valuable constituents have
been removed.
Bed - The smallest division of stratified layers marked by more or less well defined
divisional planes.
Belt Conveyors - A moving endless belt that rides on rollers and on which coal
or other materials can be carried for various distances.
Belt Feeders - Short loop of conveyor belt, or articulated steel plate, used to
draw ore at a regulated rate from under a bin or stockpile.
Belting - One of the main parts of a belt conveyor. The belting consists of plies
of cotton duck impregnated with rubber, and with top and bottom covers of
rubber. The carrying capacity of the belt will vary depending on the running
speed and the width of the belt.
Bench - The horizontal step or floor along which coal, ore, stone, or overburden
is worked or quarried. In tunnel excavation, where a top heading is driven, the
bench is the mass of rock left, extending from about the spring line to the bottom
of the tunnel.
Beneficiation - The processing of ores to regulate the size of a desired product,
remove unwanted constituents, and improve the quality, purity, or assay grade of
a desired product. Concentration or other preparation of ore for smelting by
drying, flotation, or magnetic separation.
Bituminous Coal - A coal which is high in carbonaceous matter, having between
15 and 50 percent volatile matter. Also known as soft coal.
Blast - The operation of blasting, or rending rock or earth by means of
explosives.
Block Coal - A bituminous coal that breaks into large lumps or cubical blocks;
also, coal passing over certain sized screens instead of through them, such as a
5-, 6-, and 8-inch block.
Blower - A fan employed in forcing air either into a mine or into one portion of a
mine.
Blunging - The wet process of blending, or suspending, ceramic material in
liquid by agitation.
Bone Coal - Coal with a high ash content, almost rock.
Box Cut - In surface mining, the initial cut driven in a property, where no open
side exists; this results in a high wall on both sides of the cut.
Brattice - A board of plank lining, or other partition, in any mine passage to
confine the air and force it into the working places. Its object is to keep the intake
air from finding its way by a short route into the return airway.
Brattice Cloth - Fire-resistant canvas or duck used to erect a brattice.
Briquet - A block of compressed coal dust, used as fuel; also, a slab or block of
artificial stone.
British Thermal Unit (BTU) - The amount of heat needed to raise 1 pound of
water 1 degree F (equal to 252 calories). Symbol, Btu.
Brown Coal - A low-rank coal which is brown, brownish-black, but rarely black. It
commonly retains the structures of the original wood. It is high in moisture, low in
heat value, and checks badly upon drying.
Bucket - A vessel (as a tub or scoop) for hoisting and conveying material (as
coal, ore, grain, gravel, mud, or concrete). A part of an excavator that digs, lifts,
and carries dirt.
Bug Dust - Fine coal or rock material resulting from dry boring, drilling, or the
use of other cutting machines in underground work places.
Buggy - A small wagon or truck used for short transportation of heavy materials
(as coal in a mine or ingots in a steel mill).
Bulldozer (Dozer) - A highly versatile piece of earth excavating and moving
equipment especially useful in land clearing and leveling work, in stripping
topsoil, in road building and ramp building and in floor or bench cleanup and
gathering operations.
By-product - A secondary or additional product; for example, the more common
byproducts of coal ovens are gas, tar, benzol, and ammonium sulfate.
C
Cap Lamp - The lamp which a miner wears on his safety hat or cap. For
illumination only.
Captive Mine - A mine which produces coal or mineral for use by the same
company.
Cathode - The electrode where electrons enter (current leaves) an operating
system, such as a battery, an electrolytic cell, an X-ray tube, or a vacuum tube.
Opposite of anode.
Cinder Blocks - A block closing the front of a blast furnace and containing the
cinder notch.
Coal - A solid, brittle, more or less distinctly stratified, combustible carbonaceous
rock, formed by partial to complete decomposition of vegetation; varies in color
from dark brown to black; not fusible without decomposition and very insoluble.
The boundary line between peat and coal is hazy (see brown coal) as is the
boundary line between coal and graphite and the boundary line between
carbonaceous rock and coal. In the formation of coal, the vegetable matter
appears to have been very largely moss and other low forms of plants, but in
places, coal contains much wood; the vegetal matter seems to have first taken
the form of peat, then lignite, and then bituminous coal. The latter by the loss of
its bitumen has in some places been converted into anthracite (hard coal) and
finally into graphite.
Coal Fields - An area of country, the underlying rocks of which contain workable
coal seams.
Coal Gas - Flammable gas derived from coal either naturally in place, or by
induced methods of industrial plants and underground gasification.
Coal Seam - A bed or stratum of coal.
Coal Tar - Tar obtained by the destructive distillation of bituminous coal, usually
in coke ovens or in retorts and consisting of numerous constituents (as benzene,
xylenes, naphthalene, pyridine, quinoline, phenol, cresols, light oil, and creosote)
that may be obtained by distillation.
Coke - Bituminous coal from which the volatile constituents have been driven off
by heat, so that the fixed carbon and the ash are fused together.
Coke Breeze - The fine screenings from crushed coke or from coke as taken
from the ovens, of a size varied in local practice but usually passing a ½-inch or
3/4-inch screen opening.
Colliery - A whole coal mining plant, generally used in connection with anthracite
mining but sometimes used to designate the mine, shops, and preparation plant
of a bituminous operation.
Concentration - The process of increasing the dissolved solids per unit volume
of solution, usually by evaporation of the liquid; the quantity of solute dissolved in
a unit volume of solution.
Continuous Mining - Mining in which the continuous mining machine cuts or
rips coal from the face and loads it onto conveyors or into shuttle cars in a
continuous operation. Thus, the drilling and shooting operations are eliminated,
along with the necessity for working several headings in order to have available a
heading in which loading can be in progress at all times. The longwall machine
and conveyor are in the same track which is situated between the last row of
props and the face. The conveyor is moved forward progressively as the coal is
cut and loaded by the machine. There are no separate or cyclic operations as in
conventional machine mining and the aim is to make each shift a continuation of
the previous shift. Where the conditions are favorable, faces up to 250 yards in
length may be so worked.
Conventional Mining - The cycle of operations which includes cutting the coal,
drilling the shot holes, charging and shooting the holes, loading the broken coal,
and installing roof support. Also known as cyclic mining.
Conveyor - A mechanical contrivance generally electrically driven, which
extends from a receiving point to a discharge point and conveys, transports, or
transfers material between those points.
Core Drill - A drilling machine equipped with a hollow bit (core bit) and a core
barrel which by rotation cuts out and recovers a rock core sample. A drill that
removes a cylindrical core from the drill hole.
Cropline - A line following the outcrop.
Crosscut - A small passageway driven at right angles to the main entry to
connect it with a parallel entry or air course.
Crusher - A machine for crushing rock or other materials. Among the various
types of crushers are the ball-mill, gyratory crusher, Hadsel mill, hammer mill, jaw
crusher, rod mill, rolls, stamp mill, and tube mill.
Crushing - Reducing ore or quartz by stamps, crushers, or rolls.
Crystallization - The formation of mineral crystals during the cooling of a magma
or by precipitation from a solution.
Cut - In development work, the term cut refers to the location and direction of
holes blasted first to provide a free face to which other holes may break. For
example, draw cut, horizontal cut, pyramid cut, burned cut, etc.
Cutting Machine - A power-driven machine used to undercut or shear the coal
to facilitate its removal from the face.
D
Deep Mining - The exploitation of coal or mineral deposits at depths exceeding
about 3,000 feet. Also known as underground mining.
Dragline - A type of excavating equipment which casts a rope-hung bucket a
considerable distance, collects the dug material by pulling the bucket toward
itself on the ground with a second rope, elevates the bucket, and dumps the
material on a spoil bank, in a hopper, or on a pile.
Dredging - The removal of soils from under water, using the water as a means of
transportation to convey the soils to final positions.
Drift - A horizontal underground passage. A drift follows the vein rather than
intersect it like a crosscut.
Drill - Any cutting tool or form of apparatus using energy in any one of several
forms to produce a circular hole in rock, metal, wood, or other material.
Duckbill - The name given to a shaking-type combination loading and conveying
device, so named from the shape of its loading end and which generally receives
its motion from the shaking conveyor to which it is attached.
E
Empties - Empty mine or railroad cars. Empty railroad cars are called "flats" in
Arkansas.
Escapeway - An opening through which the miners may leave the mine if the
ordinary exit is obstructed.
Exhaust Fan - A fan which sucks used air from a mine and thereby causes fresh
air to enter by separate entries to repeat the cycle.
F
Face - A working place from which coal or mineral is extracted. The exposed
surface of coal or other mineral deposit in the working place where mining,
winning, or getting is proceeding.
Fault - A break in the continuity of a body of rock. It is accompanied by a
movement on one side of the break or the other so that what were once parts of
one continuous rock stratum or vein are now separated.
Fines - In general, the smallest particles of coal or mineral in any classification,
process, or sample of the run-of-mine material.
Fire - To blast with gunpowder or other explosives. A word shouted by miners to
warn one another when a shot is fired.
Fire Boss - A person designated to examine the mine for gas and other dangers.
In certain states, the fire boss is designated as the mine examiner.
Floor - The rock underlying a stratified or nearly horizontal deposit,
corresponding to the foot wall of more steeply dipping deposits. A horizontal, flat
ore body.
Flotation - The method of mineral separation in which a froth created in water by
a variety of reagents floats some finely crushed minerals to the surface and other
minerals sink.
Fluidity (Plasticity) - In mineral transport, term not confined to liquids and
slurries, but also used for finely divided solids which flow readily in air currents,
fluosolids reactors, or through dry ball mills.
Freeze Dried Additives - Chemicals added to the coal to prevent freezing during
shipping.
Front End Loader - A tractor loader with a digging bucket mounted and
operated at the front end of the tractor. A tractor loader that both digs and dumps
in front.
G
Gassy - A coal mine is rated gassy by the U.S. Bureau of Mines if an ignition
occurs or if a methane content exceeding 0.25 percent can be detected, and
work must be halted if the methane exceeds 1.5 percent in a return airway.
Gather - To assemble loaded cars from several production points and deliver
them to main haulage for transport to the surface or pit bottom.
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Gathering Locomotive - A lightweight type of electric locomotive used to haul
loaded cars from the working places to the main haulage road, and to replace
them with empties.
Gob - To store underground, as along one side of a working place, the rock and
refuse encountered in mining. The material so packed or stored underground.
The space left by the extraction of a coal seam into which waste is packed. Also
called goaf.
Gob Pile - A pile or heap of mine refuse on the surface. An accumulation of
waste material such as rock or bone.
Gross Ton - The long ton of 2,240 avoirdupois pounds.
Ground Water - Water at, and below, the water table; basal or bottom water;
phreatic water. Used also in a broad sense to mean all water below the ground
surface. Water derived from wells or springs, not surface water from lakes or
streams.
Gunite - A mixture of sand and cement, sprayed with a pressure gun onto roofs
and ribs to act as a sealing agent to prevent erosion by air and moisture.
H
Haulage - The drawing or conveying, in cars or otherwise, or movement of men,
supplies, ore and waste both underground and on the surface.
Haulageway - The gangway, entry, or tunnel through which loaded or empty
mine cars are hauled by animal or mechanical power.
Head House - A covered timber framing at the top of a shaft, into which the shaft
guides are continued that carry the cage or elevator. The term is sometimes
applied to the structure containing the hoisting engine, boilers, and other
machinery, in addition to the actual hoisting cage, etc.
Heap Leaching - A process used for the recovery of copper from weathered ore
and material from mine dumps. This process can also be applied to the sodium
sulfide leaching of mercury ores.
Highwall - The unexcavated face of exposed overburden and coal or ore in an
opencast mine or the face or bank on the uphill side of a contour strip mine
excavation.
Hoist - A power-driven windlass for raising ore, rock or other material from a
mine and for lowering or raising men and material. Also called hoister.
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I
In Situ - In the natural or original position. Applied to a rock, soil, or fossil when
occurring in the situation in which it was originally formed or deposited.
J
Jig - A machine in which the feed is stratified in water by means of a pulsating
motion and from which the stratified products are separately removed, the
pulsating motion being usually obtained by alternate upward and downward
currents of the water. Also called washbox.
K
Kerf - Undercut in a coal seam from 3 to 7 inches thick and entering the face to a
depth of up to 4 feet, made by a mechanical cutter. Also called kirve.
L
Lamp-House - A room or building at the surface of a mine, provided for
charging, servicing, and issuing all cap, hand, and flame safety lamps held at the
mine.
Layout - The design or pattern of the main roadway and workings.
Leaching - Extracting a soluble metallic compound from an ore by dissolving it in
a solvent, such as water, sulfuric acid, etc. and then recovering the metal by
precipitation.
Lignite - A brownish-black coal in which the alteration of vegetal material has
proceeded further than in peat but not so far as subbituminous coal.
Liquid Oxygen Explosive (LOX) - Sawdust or other suitable material, formed
into cartridges and dipped into liquid oxygen before use in blasting.
Loader - A mechanical shovel or other machine for loading coal, ore, mineral, or
rock.
Loading Machine - A machine for loading materials such as coal, ore, or rock
into cars or other means of conveyance for transportation to the surface of the
mine.
Loading Ramp - A surface structure, often incorporating storage bins, used for
gravity loading bulk material into transport vehicles.
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Locomotive - An electric engine, either operating from current supplied from
trolley and track or from storage batteries carried on the locomotive.
Longwall - The coal seam is removed in one operation by means of a long
working face or wall, thus the name. The workings advance (or retreat) in a
continuous line which may be several hundreds of yards in length. The space
from which the coal has been removed (the gob, goaf, or waste) is either
allowed to collapse (caving) or is completely or partially filled or stowed with
stone and debris. The stowing material is obtained from any dirt in the seam and
from the ripping operations on the roadways to gain height. Stowing material is
sometimes brought down from the surface and packed by hand or by mechanical
means.
Low Coal - Coal occurring in a thin seam or bed.
Lump Coal - Bituminous coal in the large lumps remaining after a single
screening that is often designated by the size of the mesh over which it passes
and by which the minimum size lump is determined. Also, the largest marketable
size.
M
Man Car - A kind of car for transporting miners up and down the steeply inclined
shafts of some mines, as at Lake Superior.
Man Trip - A trip made by mine cars and locomotives to take men rather than
coal, to and from the working places.
Marsh Gas - Methane gas. If the decaying matter at the bottom of a marsh or
pond is stirred, bubbles of methane rise to the surface, thus the name marsh gas.
Methane - Formed by the decomposition of organic matter, it is the most
common gas found in coal mines. It is a tasteless, colorless, nonpoisonous, and
odorless gas; in mines the presence of impurities may give it a peculiar smell.
Methane Monitor - A system whereby the methane content of the mine air is
indicated automatically at all times, and when the content reaches a
predetermined concentration the electric power is cut off automatically from each
machine in the affected area. The mechanism is so devised that its setting
cannot be altered. The system is used, mainly, in conjunction with the operation
of continuous miners and power loaders.
Metric Ton - A unit of mass and weight that equals 1,000 kilograms or 2,204.6
avoirdupois pounds; abbreviation, MT.
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Middlings - That part of the product of a washery, concentration, or preparation
plant which is neither clean coal nor mineral nor reject (tailings). It consists of
fragments of coal and shale or mineral and gangue. The material is often sent
back for crushing and retreatment.
Mine Car - Cars which are loaded at production points and hauled to the pit
bottom or surface in a train by locomotives or other power. They vary in capacity
from 1 to 12 tons, and are either of wood or steel construction or combinations of
both.
Mine Foreman - The person charged with the responsibility of the general
supervision of the underground workings of a mine and the persons employed
therein. In certain states, the mine foreman is designated as the mine manager.
Mine Inspector - One who checks mines to determine the safety condition of
working areas, equipment, ventilation, and electricity, and to detect fire and dust
hazards.
Miner - One who mines; as (1) one engaged in the business or occupation of
getting ore, coal, precious substances, or other natural substances out of the
earth; (2) a machine for automatic mining (as of coal); and (3) a worker on the
construction of underground tunnels and shafts (as for roads, railways,
waterways).
Mineral - In a broad nontechnical sense, the term embraces all inorganic and
organic substances that are extracted from the earth for use by man. A
substance occurring in nature which has a definite or characteristic range of
chemical composition, and distinctive physical properties or molecular structure.
With few exceptions, such as opal and mercury, minerals are crystalline solids.
Mineral Rights - The ownership of the minerals under a given surface, with the
right to enter thereon, mine, and remove them. It may be separated from the
surface ownership, but, if not so separated by distinct conveyance, the latter
includes it.
Mine Run - The product of the mines before being sized and cleaned.
Mouth - An opening resembling or likened to a mouth, as one affording entrance
or exit to a mine.
Muck - Unconsolidated soils, sand, clays, loams encountered in surface mining;
generally, earth which can be severed and moved without preliminary blasting.
Useless material; earth or rock which may or may not be mixed with coal or
minerals.
Multiple-Seam Mining - Mining two or more seams of coal, frequently close
together, that can be mined profitably where mining one alone would not be
profitable.
N
Nonmetal - A chemical element that is not classed as a metal because it does
not exhibit most of the typical metallic properties. An element that, in general, is
characterized chemically by the ability to form anions, acidic oxides and acids,
and stable compounds with hydrogen.
O
Open-Cut (Pit) Mining - A form of operation designed to extract minerals that lie
near the surface. Waste, or overburden, is first removed, and the mineral is
broken and loaded, as in a stone quarry. Important chiefly in the mining of ores of
iron and copper. The mining of metalliferous ores by surface-mining methods is
commonly designated as "open-pit mining" as distinguished from the "strip
mining" of coal and the "quarrying" of other nonmetallic materials such as
limestone, building stone, etc.
Opening - A short heading driven between two or more parallel headings or
levels for ventilation.
Outcrop - A term used in connection with a vein or lode as an essential part of
the definition of apex. It does not necessarily imply the visible presentation of the
mineral on the surface of the earth, but includes those deposits that are so near
to the surface as to be found easily by digging.
Overburden - Used by geologists and engineers in several different senses. By
some, it is used to designate material of any nature, consolidated or
unconsolidated, that overlies a deposit of useful materials, ores, or coal,
especially those deposits that are mined from the surface by open cuts. By
others, overburden designates only loose soil, sand, gravel, etc., that lies above
the bedrock. The term should not be used without specific definition. Also called
burden, cover, drift, mantle, surface.
Overriding Royalty - The term applied to a royalty reserved in a sublease or
assignment over and above that reserved in the original lease.
P
Panel - System of coal extraction in which the ground is laid off in separate
districts or panels, pillars of extra size being left between.
Parting - A natural, usually smooth, separation between strata.
Peat - There are two types of peat, low moor (Flachmoor) and high moor
(Hochmoor) peat. Low moor peat is the most common starting material in coal
genesis. It therefore constitutes a caustobiolith of low diagenetic degree. Peat is
formed in marshes and swamps from the dead, and partly decomposed remains
of the marsh vegetation. Stagnant ground water is necessary for peat formation
to protect the residual plant material from decay. Peat has a yellowish brown to
brownish black color, is generally of the fibrous consistency, and can be either
plastic or friable; in its natural state it can be cut; further, it has a very high
moisture content (above 75 percent, generally above 90 percent). It can be
distinguished from brown coal by the fact that the greater part of its moisture
content can be squeezed out by pressure (for example, in the hand). Peat also
contains more plant material in a reasonably good state of preservation than
brown coal.
Pillar - An area of coal or ore left to support the overlying strata or hanging-wall
in a mine. Pillars are sometimes left permanently to support surface works or
against old workings containing water. Coal pillars, such as those in pillar-andstall
mining, are extracted at a later period.
Pit - Any mine, quarry, or excavation area worked by the open-cut method to
obtain material of value.
Pit Committee - A joint committee of employer and workers dealing with the
labor problems of a mine.
Place - The part of a mine in which a miner works by contract is known as his
"place" or "working place." A point at which the cutting of coal is being carried on.
Portal - Any entrance to a mine. The rock face at which tunnel driving is started.
Also called point of attack. A nearly level opening into a tunnel. The surface
entrance to a drift, tunnel, adit, or entry.
Portal to Portal - A term now frequently encountered in disputes over what
constitutes compensable "working time" under Federal laws. Portal literally
means "entrance" and, in underground coal mining, portal refers to mine mouth
or entry at surface. Hence, portal-to-portal as a descriptive term means strictly
elapsed time from entry through the portal to exit on return.
Post - A mine timber, or any upright timber, but more commonly used to refer to
the uprights which support the roof cross-pieces. Commonly used in metal mines
instead of leg which is the coal miner's term, especially in the Far West regions of
the United States. The support fastened between the roof and floor of a coal
seam used with certain types of mining machines or augers. A pillar of coal or
ore.
Powdered Coal (Pulverized Coal) - Coal that has been crushed to a fine dust
by grinding mills. The latter are often air swept, the velocity of the air being so
regulated that particles of coal, when sufficiently reduced, are carried away.
Pulverized coal particles of which about 99 percent are below 0.01 inch in
diameter will burn very rapidly and efficiently. Low-grade coal may be pulverized
and conveyed from the mill by air into the boiler plant.
Power Shovel - An excavating and loading machine consisting of a digging
bucket at the end of an arm suspended from a boom, which extends crane-like
from that part of the machine which houses the power plant. When digging the
bucket moves forward and upward so that the machine does not usually
excavate below the level at which it stands.
Pregnant Solution - A value-bearing solution in a hydrometallurgical operation.
Preparation Plant - Strictly speaking, a preparation plant may be any facility
where coal is prepared for market, but by common usage it has come to mean a
rather elaborate collection of facilities where coal is separated from its impurities,
washed and sized, and loaded for shipment.
Proximate Analysis - The determination of the compounds contained in a
mixture as distinguished from ultimate analysis, which is the determination of the
elements contained in a compound. Used in the analysis of coal.
Q
Quarrying - The surface exploitation of stone or mineral deposits from the
earth's crust. Removal of rock which has value because of its physical
characteristics.
R
Reclamation - The costs incurred to restore land to its original (or better)
condition.
Rock Dusting - The dusting of underground areas with powdered limestone to
dilute the coal dust in the mine atmosphere thereby reducing explosion hazards.
Roll - Used to describe minor deformations or dislocations of a coal seam, for
example, faults with small displacement to small monoclinal folds, to welts or
ridges projecting from either the roof or floor into the coal, and to fillings of stream
channels or low areas extending downward into the coal.
Roof Bolting (Pinning) - A system of roof support in mines. Boreholes from 3 to
8 feet long are drilled upward in the roof and bolts of 1 inch diameter or more are
inserted into the holes and anchored at the top by a split cone or similar device.
The bolt end protrudes below roof level and is used to support roof bars, girders,
or simple steel plates pulled tight up to the roof by a nut on the bolt head. The
bolts are put up to a definite pattern. The idea is to clamp together the several
roof beds to form a composite beam with a strength considerably greater than
the sum of the individual beds acting separately.
Room - A place abutting an entry or airway where coal has been mined and
extending from the entry or airway to a face.
Room and Pillar - A system of mining in which the distinguishing feature is the
winning of 50 percent or more of the coal or ore in the first working. The coal or
ore is mined in rooms separated by narrow ribs or pillars. The coal or ore in the
pillars is won by subsequent working, which may be likened to top slicing, in
which the roof is caved in successive blocks. The first working in rooms is an
advancing, and the winning of the rib (pillar) a retreating method. The rooms are
driven parallel with one another, and the room faces may be extended parallel, at
right angles, or at an angle to the dip. This method is applicable to flat deposits,
such as coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, etc., that occur in bedded deposits.
Rotary Dump - An apparatus for overturning one or more mine cars
simultaneously to discharge coal. They may rotate either 180 degrees or 360
degrees.
Royalty - A share of the product or profit reserved by the owner for permitting
another to use the property. A lease by which the owner or lessor grants to the
lessee the privilege of mining and operating the land in consideration of the
payment of a certain stipulated royalty on the mineral produced.
Runoff - That portion of the rainfall that is not absorbed by the strata; is utilized
by vegetation or lost by evaporation or may find its way into streams as surface
flow.
S
Scraper Loader - A machine used for loading coal or rock by pulling an openbottomed
scoop back and forth between the face and the loading point by means
of ropes, sheaves, and a multiple drum hoist. The filled scoop is pulled on the
bottom to an apron or ramp where the load is discharged onto a car or conveyor.
Screen - A large sieve for grading or sizing coal, ore, rock, or aggregate. It
consists of a suitably mounted surface of woven wire or of punched plate. It may
be flat or cylindrical, horizontal or inclined, stationary, shaking, or vibratory, and
either wet or dry operation.
Screenings - Coal which will pass through the smallest mesh screen normally
loaded for commercial sale for industrial use.
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Seam - A stratum or bed of coal or other mineral; generally applied to large
deposits of coal.
Shaft - An excavation of limited area compared with its depth, made for finding or
mining ore or coal, raising water, ore, rock, or coal, hoisting and lowering men
and material, or ventilating underground workings. The term is often specifically
applied to approximately vertical shafts, as distinguished from an incline or
inclined shaft. A shaft is provided with a hoisting engine at the top for handling
men, rock, and supplies, or it may be used only in connection with pumping or
ventilating operations.
Shaker Conveyor - A conveyor consisting of a length of metal troughs, with
suitable supports, to which a reciprocating motion is imparted by drives. In the
case of a downhill conveyor, a simple to-and-fro motion is sufficient to cause the
coal to slide. With a level or a slight uphill gradient, a differential motion is
necessary, that is, a quick backward and slower forward strokes. The quick
backward stroke causes the trough to slide under the coal, while the slower
forward stroke moves the coal along to a new position. Also called jigger.
Shale - A laminated sediment, in which the constituent particles are
predominantly of the clay grade.
Shearing - Making a vertical cut or groove in a coal face, breast, or block, as
opposed to a kerf, which is a horizontal cut. Called in Arkansas as cut or cutting.
Shoot - To break coal loose from the seam by the use of explosives; loosely
used, also as applied to other coal breaking devices.
Shooter - The person who fires a charged hole after satisfying himself/herself
that the area is free from firedamp. A shot firer.
Short Ton - A unit of weight that equals 20 short hundredweights or 2,000
avoirdupois pounds. Used chiefly in the United States, in Canada, and in the
Republic of South Africa.
Shortwall - The reverse of longwall, frequently used to mean the face of a room.
A method of mining in which comparatively small areas are worked separately,
as opposed to longwall; for example, room and pillar.
Shot Firer - A person whose special duty is to fire shots or blasts, especially in
coal mines. A shot lighter.
Shovel - Any bucket-equipped machine used for digging and loading earthy or
fragmented rock materials. There are two types of shovels, the square-point and
the round-point. These are available with either long or short handles. The
round-point shovel is used for general digging since its forward edge, curved to a
point, most readily penetrates moist clays and sands. The square-point shovel is
used for shoveling against hard surfaces or for trimming.
Shuttle Car - A vehicle on rubber tires or caterpillar treads and usually propelled
by electric motors, electrical energy which is supplied by a diesel-driven
generator, by storage batteries, or by a power distribution system through a
portable cable. Its chief function is the transfer of raw materials, such as coal and
ore, from loading machines in trackless areas of a mine to the main
transportation system.
Silt - A fine-grained sediment having a particle size intermediate between that of
fine sand and clay.
Slack - Small coal, usually less than 1/8 inch. It has a high ash content and is
difficult to clean in the washery. High ash slack is being used increasingly in
special boilers and power stations.
Slice - In an ore body of considerable lateral extent and thickness, the ore is
removed in layers termed slices.
Slope - The main working gallery or entry of a coal seam which dips at an angle
and along which mine cars are hauled. An entrance to a mine driven down
through an inclined coal seam; also, a mine having such an entrance.
Slope Mine - A mine with an inclined opening used for the same purpose as a
shaft or a drift mine. It resembles a tunnel, a drift, or a shaft, depending on its
inclination.
Sludge - Mineral, mud, and slurry too thick to flow. A soft mud, slush, or mire; for
example the solid product of a filtration process before drying (filter cake).
Slurry - The fine carbonaceous discharge from a colliery washery. All washeries
produce some slurry which must be treated to separate the solids from the water
in order to have a clear effluent for reuse or discharge. Also, in some cases, it is
economical to extract the fine coal from the effluent.
Spoil Bank - To leave coal and other minerals that are not marketable in the
mine.
Stoker Coal - A screen size of coal specifically for use in automatic firing
equipment. This coal can be of any rank and the stoker is usually designed to fit
the coal available. Factors of importance in the selection of coal for stoker use
are: size limits, size consist, uniformity of shipments, coking properties, ash
fusion characteristics, ash, sulphur and volatile-matter percentages.
Strip - In coal mining, to remove the earth, rock, and other material from a seam
of coal, generally by power shovels. Generally practiced only where the coal
seam lies close to the earth's surface. To remove from a quarry, or other open
working, the overlying earth and disintegrated or barren surface rock.
Strip Mine - An open cut mine in which the overburden is removed from a coal
bed before the coal is taken out.
Subsidence - A sinking down of a part of the earth's crust. The lowering of the
strata, including the surface, due to underground excavations. Surface caving or
distortion due to effects of collapse of deep workings.
Surface Mining - The mining in surface excavations. It includes placer mining,
mining in open glory-hole or milling pits, mining and removing ore from open cuts
by hand or with mechanical excavation and transportation equipment, and the
removal of capping or overburden to uncover the ores. Mining at or near the
surface. This type of mining is generally done where the overburden can be
removed without too much expense. Also called strip mining, placer mining,
opencast mining, open cut mining, or open-pit mining.
Surface Rights - The ownership of the surface of land only, where mineral rights
are reserved. Those reserved to the owner of the land beneath which ore is
being mined. The right of a mineral owner or an oil and gas lessee to use so
much of the surface of land as may be reasonably necessary for the conduct of
operations under the lease.
T
Timber - Any of the wooden props, posts, bars, collars, lagging, etc., used to
support mining works. One of the steel joists or beams which, in some mines,
have replaced wooden timbers.
Timbering - The operation of setting timber supports in mine workings or shafts.
The term support would cover the setting of timber, steel, concrete, or masonry
supports.
Timbering Machine - An electrically driven machine to raise and hold timbers in
place while supporting posts are being set after cut to length by the machine's
power-driven saw.
Tipple - Originally the place where the mine cars were tipped and emptied of
their coal, and still used in that sense, although now more generally applied to
the surface structures of a mine, including the preparation plant and loading
tracks.
Trailing Cables - A flexible electric cable for connecting portable face machines
and equipment to the source of supply located some distance out by. The cable is
heavily insulated and protected with either galvanized steel wire armouring, extra
stout braiding hosepipe, or other material.
Trolley Wire - The means by which power is conveyed to an electric trolley
locomotive. It is hung from the roof and conducts power to the locomotive by the
trolley pole. Power from it is sometimes also used to run other equipment.
U
Undercut - Excavation of ore from beneath a larger block of ore to induce its
settlement under its own weight.
V
Vein - A zone or belt of mineralized rock lying within boundaries clearly
separating it from neighbouring rock. It includes all deposits of mineral matter
found through a mineralized zone or belt coming from the same source,
impressed with the same forms and appearing to have been created by the same
processes. A mineralized zone having a more or less regular development in
length, width, and depth to give it a tabular form and commonly inclined at a
considerable angle to the horizontal. The term lode is commonly used
synonymously for vein.
Volatile Matter - Those products, exclusive of moisture, given off by a material
as gas and vapour, determined by definite prescribed methods which may vary
according to the nature of the material. In the case of coal and coke, the methods
employed shall be those prescribed in the Standard Methods of Laboratory
Sampling and Analysis of Coal and Coke (ASTM Designation D271) of the
American Society for Testing Materials.
W
Wall - The side of a lode; the overhanging side is know as the hanging wall and
the lower lying side as the footwall. The face of a long wall working or stall,
commonly called coal wall. A rib of solid coal between two rooms; also, the side
of an entry.
Washery - A place at which ore, coal, or crushed stone is freed from impurities
or dust by washing. Also called wet separation plant.
Wheel Excavator - A large-capacity machine for excavating loose deposits,
particularly at quarries and opencast coal pits. It consists of a digging wheel,
rotating on a horizontal axle, and carrying large buckets on its rim.
Wire Rod - Hot-rolled coiled stock that is made into wire.
Working Place - The place in a mine at which coal or ore is being actually
mined.

Source:http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-mssp/coal.pdf

A FRAMEWORK FOR CLEAN COAL IN BRITAIN

2008-10-30T05:23:00.000-07:00

 An overall framework for energy in the UK needs a series of interlinked financial and policy instruments, some of which will be fuel or technology specific in order to ensure a diverse portfolio of power generation, including clean coal.

 Coal is secure, affordable and long-term. Clean coal power generation with an important role for indigenous coal will meet all of the Energy White Paper objectives, set an environmental example to global markets, where coal use is set to grow considerably, and offer substantial manufacturing and employment opportunities for UK industry.

 The Government’s ambition should be to maintain at least the current coal-fired generation capacity in the UK (29 GW) whilst at the same time moving the whole coal fleet to clean coal technology and, ultimately, zero emissions.

 This ambition can be achieved by a combination of new build and retrofits (11 GW in total over the next ten years), including a number of plants with Carbon Capture and Storage and a number of capture-ready plants. Once all of these plants have CCS fitted and operating, the CO2 savings will be 25 to 43 mt CO2/year, dependent on which plants they displace.

 Action is needed by the government to remove the barriers to clean coal power plants, including urgent adjustment to the UK ETS proposals for New Entrants to remove perverse disincentives and a support mechanism for the first CCS projects which will demonstrate the full range of technologies for capture, transport and storage in the UK environment. Within 2-3 years, the legal infrastructure for CO2 storage needs to be established and planning in place for a CO2 gathering and distribution network.

 Indigenous coal has an essential role in securing peak electricity supplies (much greater than its average share of generation) but indigenous coal is presently sold at prices determined by long-term contracts which are less than the delivered cost of imported coal and at levels which do not allow new investment in deep mines. Government help is needed to facilitate new contract arrangements which reward indigenous supply and underpin investment and employment.

 Just as recognised for other developments in the energy field which are hindered by planning procedures, a framework for coal should include removing existing discriminatory planning guidance (“the presumption against”) which impedes developments of new surface or deep mines.

 An early high level endorsement for Clean Coal in Britain as part of a diverse generation portfolio is essential to signal the government’s intentions and trigger the planning of projects necessary to make significant progress towards meeting the Energy White Paper objectives over the next ten years.

Argus Petroleum Coke Methodology

2008-10-30T05:02:00.000-07:00

The Argus Petroleum Coke index is an assessment of spot market activity for the grades assessed.
Spot activity is defined as transactions or negotiations during the month assessed for delivery within the next 90 days.
We base our assessments on a market consensus of the commodity value.
We consider spot transactions and negotiations at the market in question (as in fob US Gulf coast and US West coast), delivered prices netted back for freight, contract renegotiations, and estimates of market participants.
Forward loading or delivery dates will be considered up to 90 days from the end of the month assessed. Prices for volumes loading or delivering in those 90 days that were negotiated prior to the month assessed will not be considered in the assessment, as they reflect historical not current market fundamentals.
Prices for contracts negotiated in the month assessed but for delivery over a term that spans beyond the next 90 days will not be considered in the assessment.
We are reflecting intelligent index values for the grades assessed: where specifications of actual trades differ from the index, we will seek a market consensus as to how to adjust the traded value to properly inform the index specification. Where actual trades are not available, we will assess the value of the grade by seeking a consensus of participants and considering other connected markets. Where a range is assessed for a particular grade, it reflects the range of trade for that grade in the month assessed. If there is no trade, it reflects the range within which a willing buyer and seller could close a deal. Our survey includes producers, electricity generators, marketers/traders, heavy industry endusers, and other market participants.
Commodity specifications
Petroleum Coke
Fob US Gulf coast
Low sulphur
4.5% maximum sulphur, 40 minimum Hardgrove Index
4.5% maximum sulphur, 70 minimum Hardgrove Index
High sulphur
6.5% maximum sulphur, 40 minimum Hardgrove Index
6.5% maximum sulphur, 70 minimum Hardgrove Index
Fob US west coast
Low sulphur
3.0% maximum sulphur, 45 minimum Hardgrove Index
4.5% maximum sulphur, 45 minimum Hardgrove Index
Delivered Spanish Mediterranean
4.5% maximum sulphur, 40 minimum Hardgrove Index
4.5% maximum sulphur, 70 minimum Hardgrove Index
6.5% maximum sulphur, 40 minimum Hardgrove Index
6.5% maximum sulphur, 70 minimum Hardgrove Index
Delivered Japan
3.0% maximum sulphur, 45 minimum Hardgrove Index
4.5% maximum sulphur, 45 minimum Hardgrove Index
European BTU Comparison
Prices compared on US $ per mmBTU basis and as a percent of coal on a BTU basis. BTU value of coke in calculation is 14,500 BTU's per pound, with a metric ton containing 2,204.62 pounds. BTU value of coal is 11,200 BTU's per pound.
Coal Delivered Spanish Mediterranean
Coal Delivered Northwest Europe
Hard 4.5% Coke Delivered Spanish Mediterranean
Hard 6.5% Coke Delivered Spanish Mediterranean
Hard 4.5% Coke Delivered northwest Europe
Hard 6.5% Coke Delivered northwest Europe
Coal
CAPP Nymex Specification:
Nymex specification SO2 , 12,000 Btu/lb, 1% max sulphur, fob barge on the Big Sandy, quoted for prompt month and prompt quarter.
Cif ARA:
Coal cif Amsterdam/Rotterdam/Antwerp, 6,000 kcal, 1% max sulphur, NAR delivered in next 90 days.
Fob Richards Bay:
Coal fob Richards Bay, South Africa, 6,000 kcal, 1% max sulphur, NAR delivered in next 90 days.
Fob Newcastle:
Coal fob Newcastle, Australia, 6,700 kcal, 1% max sulphur, GAD delivered in next 90 days.
SO2 Allowance Index
The SOPI index is a weekly index that tracks the market price of the Sulfur Dioxide Emission Allowances that are created and distributed through the US Environmental Protection Agency's Acid Rain programme and subsequently traded among utilities and trading companies. The "price" is simply the last brokered trade of a current-vintage allowance recorded during the week before any Monday publication date.
Crude Oil
Maya:
Fob east coast Mexico, 22° API, 550,000 bl waterborne.
ANS:
Alaskan North Slope crude, delivered US west coast, month of arrival, 27° API, 300,000 bl waterborne.
WTI/Maya Spread:
Calculated WTI premium to Maya. WTI fip Cushing, Oklahoma, rateable month, 40° API, 2,500 b/d.
Brent/Dubai Spread:
Calculated Brent premium to Dubai. Brent crude, fob Sullom Voe, first month loading, 500,000 bl, 1700 hours Houston. Dubai crude, fob Dubai, first month of loading, 400,000 bl, 1700 hours Houston. US dollars/bl.
Other Refined Products:
1% fuel oil: 1% max sulphur, 60°F max pour, 300 SSF max viscosity, 10° API min gravity. Waterborne volumes 100,000-350,000 bl, delivered New York Harbor, US dollars/bl including duty.
Asphalt, western Gulf coast:
AC-20 and AC-30 or PG 64-22 and PG 67-22. Grades used may change to include other grades as states move to various PG grades or change their primary grade. Sizes of cargoes are 35,000 bls minimum. Assessments are fob and include US Gulf coast refiners west of the Mississippi and barge sales from Madero, Mexico.
Coke percent of coal:
As of 5 February 2002 issue, this table calculates the coke price as a percent of the coal price using estimated delivered coke prices for Europe and Japan. The US values compare Nymex specification CAPP coal to fob Gulf coast coke. The ARA values compare cif ARA 6,000 kcal coal to cif ARA coke by adding the USGC to ARA freight to the fob USGC coke price. The Japan value compares the price of cif Japan 6,700 kcal coal to cif Japan coke by adding the USWC to Japan freight to the fob USWC coke price. Cfr quotes for Japanese coal are based on current freight added to fob China and fob Newcastle markets.
Coal forward curve:
Represents the level of contango or backwardation in the coal markets by charting the price for forward delivery on the day quoted.
New York BTU Comparison:
Compares the relative values of different fuels on a BTU basis. Conversions for mmBtu per unit are: diesel 5.79/bl, 0.3pc fuel oil 6.258/bl, 1pc fuel oil 6.384/bl, coal 24/short ton (12,000 btu), coke 30.86/metric ton (14,200 btu). New York 0.3% fuel oil is high pour and includes New York taxes. Coal and coke values include cost of sulphur allowances.
Spark Spread:
Indicates the relative profitability of burning various fuels in a northeastern US power plant. The spark spread is the difference between the spot power price and the cost of generating output from a given fuel based on a heat rate of 10,000.
Coal and coke adjusted for SO2 allowances:
A comparison of the true cost of coal and coke at a US electric generating plant after sulphur allowances are included. The spot price of coal and coke is adjusted for the cost of sulphur dioxide emissions, assuming the plant applies sulfur dioxide allowances at the current market price for those allowances. The SO2 index price is listed on page 1 of the report.
Light/Heavy Product Spread:
A measure of the profitability of coking. For the Gulf coast, the spread is the average of prompt 87 octane conventional gasoline and prompt diesel in Houston, less the price of 3pc sulphur fuel oil fob US Gulf coast. For the west coast, the spread is the average of prompt 87 octane CARB gasoline and prompt CARB diesel in Los Angeles, less the price of 380 cst fuel oil in Los Angeles.
US Exports of Non-Calcined Coke:
Source: United States International Trade Commission, http://dataweb.usitc.gov/.

Artikel dari WindowSecurity.com

2008-10-28T06:26:00.000-07:00

New articles added to WindowSecurity.com last month:

How Windows Server 2003’s Software Restriction Policies Improve Security
Allowing any unauthorized software to run on company computers, especially those connected to the network, poses many dangers. Even if the program isn’t infested with malicious code, incompatibility problems can result in operating system crashes, or interfere with the operation of other programs, and complicate tech support and troubleshooting – not to mention licensing issues. For this reason, Microsoft includes a new feature with Windows Server 2003 and Windows XP: software restriction policies.

Patch management with GFI LANguard N.S.S. & Microsoft SUS
Patch management is an essential network administration task and consists of scanning machines on the network for missing patches and deploying those patches as soon as they become available. This white paper provides an overview of how to use GFI LANguard Network Security Scanner (N.S.S.) and Microsoft Software Update Services (SUS) to keep your network updated.

Violating Database - Enforced Security Mechanisms
This paper discusses the feasibility of violating the access control, authentication and audit mechanisms of a running process in the Windows server operating systems. Specifically, it discusses the feasibility of totally disabling application - enforced access control in a running service, taking SQL Server 2000 as a sizeable and meaningful example. Topics relating to "runtime patching" exploits are discussed.

Wireless Security Primer (Part II)
In this article, we will discuss what every Wireless Administrator should do (or think about) to keep their Wireless LANs (WLANs) safe and secure. Every time you deploy a Wireless network, you should always ask yourself the following questions outlined within this article. Much has been done to secure wireless transmissions, but there are still items missed that can help your security posture, that many administrators are still not doing and are very important.

Security Scanner & Patch Management Tools Review
Security scanning & patch management is essential to prevent vulnerabilities on your network. Patch management in particular has become a hot topic and I review some of the leading security scanning & patch management tools available today. This review gives you a ‘birds eye’ view of each tool, to give you an idea how they work and what they they’re meant for. I also compare tools so you can decide which would be best for your network.

Defining a Security Policy
Security Polices are a necessary evil in today’s enterprise networks. Without a Security Policy, you leave yourself open and vulnerable to a lot of political attacks. In this article, we will begin to look at all the measures you will need to deploy to successfully define a security policy.

Windows 2000 allows unauthorized users to get administrator rights on computer
This article describes a security flaw which allows unauthorized users to get administrator rights on computers that are running Microsoft Windows 2000 operating system.

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) Part I - (network intrusions; attack symptoms; IDS tasks; and IDS architecture)
Due to a growing number of intrusions and since the Internet and local networks have become so ubiquitous, organizations increasingly implementing various systems that monitor IT security breaches. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are those that have recently gained a considerable amount of interest. This is an introductory article to this topic. It gives an overview of several types of detectable attacks, symptoms that help in intrusion detection, describes IDS tasks, different architectures and concepts in this field.

Best Regards,
Stephen Chetcuti
ISAserver.org - MSExchange.org - WindowSecurity.com - ServerFiles.com - NTfaxFAQ.com

computer

2008-10-09T06:59:00.000-07:00

computer system